How does a bill become law in Missouri?
1. Introduction of a Bill
- Bills can be initiated in either the Senate or House and are labeled as Senate Bills or House Bills.
- Bills can be preintroduced starting December 1 before the session, or introduced during the session by any senator or representative.
- Once introduced, a bill is assigned a number, read for the first time, and then goes on the calendar for a second reading and committee assignment.
2. Committee Review
- A public hearing is held where the bill sponsor presents the bill and both sides (proponents and opponents) are heard.
- The committee then votes and can recommend various actions:
- Do pass
- Recommend passage with amendments
- Return without recommendation
- Substitute a new bill
- Recommend do not pass
- Make no report at all.
3. Perfection of a Bill
- If favorably reported, the bill moves to the "perfection calendar" and is debated for possible amendments.
- After all amendments are considered, a motion is made to perfect the bill, which requires a majority vote.
4. Final Passage
- Following perfection, the bill is placed on the calendar for a third reading and final passage.
- Members can debate but no further substantive amendments can be made. A recorded vote is needed for approval.
5. Second House Consideration
- The bill is sent to the other house, read a second time, assigned to committee, and goes through a similar process.
- If amendments are made in the second house, a conference may be requested between both houses to resolve differences.
6. Enrollment and Signing
- After final passage, the bill is typed in its approved form, compared for errors, and signed by the House speaker and Senate president.
- Written objections can be filed at this time, which accompany the bill to the governor.
7. Governor's Action
- The governor has 15 days (or 45 days if not in session) to sign or veto the bill.
- If signed, it is sent to the Secretary of State; if vetoed, it returns to the house of origin with objections. A two-thirds vote is required to override a veto.
- If not returned in the specified time, the bill automatically becomes law.
8. Effective Date
- Laws take effect 90 days after the session ends unless specified otherwise or if it's an appropriation act.
9. Secretary of State Duties
- The Secretary of State preserves and publishes the laws, ensuring they are accessible and updated.