-
IntroducedFeb 05, 2025
-
Passed HouseMar 06, 2025
-
Passed SenateMay 14, 2025
-
Signed into LawMay 15, 2025
Law enforcement officers; civil and criminal immunity from liability, further provided
Last Action See all actions
House • May 15, 2025: Enacted
Latest Bill Text See all bill texts
Senate Calendar: Special Order Calendar (May 14, 2025)
Position: 1
Summary/Bill Text
Comments on HB 202
Tweets
Whip Lists
Sponsors
Votes
YES: 75
- Phillip Pettus
- Parker Moore
- Danny Crawford
- Andy Whitt
- Terri Collins
- Scott Stadthagen
- Corey Harbison
- Tim Wadsworth
- Tracy Estes
- Jamie Kiel
- Rex Reynolds
- Ritchie Whorton
- Nathaniel Ledbetter
- Phillip Rigsby
- Craig Lipscomb
- David Standridge
- Steve Hurst
- Randy Wood
- Bob Fincher
- Debbie Wood
- Ginny Shaver
- Corley Ellis
- Arnold Mooney
- Danny Garrett
- David Faulkner
- Jim Carns
- Jim Hill
- Allen Treadaway
- Brett Easterbrook
- Alan Baker
- Reed Ingram
- Joe Lovvorn
- Chris Blackshear
- Ed Oliver
- Paul W. Lee
- Jeff Sorrells
- Chris Sells
- Rhett Marques
- Steve Clouse
- Matt Simpson
- Chris Pringle
- Shane Stringer
- Margie Wilcox
- Chip Brown
- Ivan Smith
- Russell Bedsole
- Ben Robbins
- Kenneth Paschal
- Cynthia Almond
- Ben Harrison
- James Lomax
- Mark Shirey
- Matt Woods
- Leigh Hulsey
- Mike Kirkland
- Brock Colvin
- Mack Butler
- Mark Gidley
- Chad Robertson
- Susan DuBose
- Mike Shaw
- Ron Bolton
- Bill Lamb
- Donna Givens
- Rick Rehm
- Jerry Starnes
- Marcus Paramore
- Matthew Hammett
- Jennifer Fidler
- Frances Holk-Jones
- Kerry (Bubba) Underwood
- Troy Stubbs
- Ernie Yarbrough
- Bryan Brinyark
- Jeana Ross
NO: 28
- Laura Hall
- Barbara Boyd
- Anthony Daniels
- Neil Rafferty
- Rolanda Hollis
- Juandalynn Givan
- Prince Chestnut
- Thomas Jackson
- Kelvin Lawrence
- Chris England
- Artis 'A.J.' McCampbell
- TaShina Morris
- Pebblin W. Warren
- Jeremy Gray
- Berry Forte
- Adline Clarke
- Napoleon Bracy
- Sam Jones
- Barbara Drummond
- Kenyatté Hassell
- Patrice McClammy
- Kelvin Datcher
- Marilyn Lands
- Ontario Tillman
- Patrick Sellers
- Curtis Travis
- Phillip Ensler
- Travis Hendrix
NOT VOTING: 1
YES: 56
- Phillip Pettus
- Danny Crawford
- Andy Whitt
- Scott Stadthagen
- Tim Wadsworth
- Jamie Kiel
- Ritchie Whorton
- Nathaniel Ledbetter
- Phillip Rigsby
- Craig Lipscomb
- Steve Hurst
- Randy Wood
- Debbie Wood
- Ginny Shaver
- Corley Ellis
- Arnold Mooney
- David Faulkner
- Jim Carns
- Allen Treadaway
- Brett Easterbrook
- Reed Ingram
- Joe Lovvorn
- Chris Blackshear
- Ed Oliver
- Paul W. Lee
- Jeff Sorrells
- Chris Sells
- Rhett Marques
- Chris Pringle
- Shane Stringer
- Margie Wilcox
- Chip Brown
- Ivan Smith
- Russell Bedsole
- James Lomax
- Mark Shirey
- Matt Woods
- Leigh Hulsey
- Brock Colvin
- Mack Butler
- Chad Robertson
- Susan DuBose
- Ron Bolton
- Bill Lamb
- Donna Givens
- Rick Rehm
- Jerry Starnes
- Marcus Paramore
- Matthew Hammett
- Jennifer Fidler
- Frances Holk-Jones
- Kerry (Bubba) Underwood
- Troy Stubbs
- Ernie Yarbrough
- Bryan Brinyark
- Jeana Ross
NO: 10
ABSTAIN: 1
NOT VOTING: 37
- Parker Moore
- Terri Collins
- Corey Harbison
- Tracy Estes
- Laura Hall
- Rex Reynolds
- Barbara Boyd
- David Standridge
- Bob Fincher
- Danny Garrett
- Jim Hill
- Neil Rafferty
- Juandalynn Givan
- Alan Baker
- Thomas Jackson
- Chris England
- Artis 'A.J.' McCampbell
- Pebblin W. Warren
- Berry Forte
- Steve Clouse
- Matt Simpson
- Adline Clarke
- Sam Jones
- Barbara Drummond
- Ben Robbins
- Kenneth Paschal
- Kenyatté Hassell
- Cynthia Almond
- Patrice McClammy
- Marilyn Lands
- Ben Harrison
- Mike Kirkland
- Mike Shaw
- Ontario Tillman
- Curtis Travis
- Phillip Ensler
- Travis Hendrix
YES: 75
- Phillip Pettus
- Parker Moore
- Danny Crawford
- Andy Whitt
- Terri Collins
- Scott Stadthagen
- Corey Harbison
- Tim Wadsworth
- Tracy Estes
- Jamie Kiel
- Rex Reynolds
- Ritchie Whorton
- Nathaniel Ledbetter
- Phillip Rigsby
- Craig Lipscomb
- David Standridge
- Steve Hurst
- Randy Wood
- Bob Fincher
- Debbie Wood
- Ginny Shaver
- Corley Ellis
- Arnold Mooney
- Danny Garrett
- David Faulkner
- Jim Carns
- Jim Hill
- Allen Treadaway
- Brett Easterbrook
- Alan Baker
- Reed Ingram
- Joe Lovvorn
- Chris Blackshear
- Ed Oliver
- Paul W. Lee
- Jeff Sorrells
- Chris Sells
- Rhett Marques
- Steve Clouse
- Matt Simpson
- Chris Pringle
- Shane Stringer
- Margie Wilcox
- Chip Brown
- Ivan Smith
- Russell Bedsole
- Ben Robbins
- Kenneth Paschal
- Cynthia Almond
- Ben Harrison
- James Lomax
- Mark Shirey
- Matt Woods
- Leigh Hulsey
- Mike Kirkland
- Brock Colvin
- Mack Butler
- Mark Gidley
- Chad Robertson
- Susan DuBose
- Mike Shaw
- Ron Bolton
- Bill Lamb
- Donna Givens
- Rick Rehm
- Jerry Starnes
- Marcus Paramore
- Matthew Hammett
- Jennifer Fidler
- Frances Holk-Jones
- Kerry (Bubba) Underwood
- Troy Stubbs
- Ernie Yarbrough
- Bryan Brinyark
- Jeana Ross
NO: 26
- Laura Hall
- Anthony Daniels
- Neil Rafferty
- Rolanda Hollis
- M. Moore
- Juandalynn Givan
- Prince Chestnut
- Thomas Jackson
- Kelvin Lawrence
- Chris England
- Artis 'A.J.' McCampbell
- TaShina Morris
- Jeremy Gray
- Berry Forte
- Adline Clarke
- Napoleon Bracy
- Sam Jones
- Barbara Drummond
- Kenyatté Hassell
- Patrice McClammy
- Kelvin Datcher
- Marilyn Lands
- Ontario Tillman
- Patrick Sellers
- Curtis Travis
- Phillip Ensler
ABSTAIN: 3
YES: 73
- Phillip Pettus
- Parker Moore
- Danny Crawford
- Andy Whitt
- Terri Collins
- Scott Stadthagen
- Corey Harbison
- Tim Wadsworth
- Tracy Estes
- Jamie Kiel
- Rex Reynolds
- Ritchie Whorton
- Nathaniel Ledbetter
- Phillip Rigsby
- Craig Lipscomb
- David Standridge
- Steve Hurst
- Randy Wood
- Bob Fincher
- Debbie Wood
- Corley Ellis
- Arnold Mooney
- Danny Garrett
- David Faulkner
- Jim Carns
- Jim Hill
- Allen Treadaway
- Brett Easterbrook
- Alan Baker
- Reed Ingram
- Joe Lovvorn
- Chris Blackshear
- Ed Oliver
- Paul W. Lee
- Jeff Sorrells
- Chris Sells
- Rhett Marques
- Steve Clouse
- Matt Simpson
- Chris Pringle
- Shane Stringer
- Margie Wilcox
- Chip Brown
- Ivan Smith
- Russell Bedsole
- Ben Robbins
- Kenneth Paschal
- Cynthia Almond
- Ben Harrison
- James Lomax
- Mark Shirey
- Matt Woods
- Leigh Hulsey
- Mike Kirkland
- Brock Colvin
- Mack Butler
- Mark Gidley
- Chad Robertson
- Susan DuBose
- Mike Shaw
- Ron Bolton
- Bill Lamb
- Rick Rehm
- Jerry Starnes
- Marcus Paramore
- Matthew Hammett
- Jennifer Fidler
- Frances Holk-Jones
- Kerry (Bubba) Underwood
- Troy Stubbs
- Ernie Yarbrough
- Bryan Brinyark
- Jeana Ross
NO: 29
- Laura Hall
- Barbara Boyd
- Anthony Daniels
- Neil Rafferty
- Rolanda Hollis
- M. Moore
- Juandalynn Givan
- Prince Chestnut
- Thomas Jackson
- Kelvin Lawrence
- Chris England
- Artis 'A.J.' McCampbell
- TaShina Morris
- Pebblin W. Warren
- Jeremy Gray
- Berry Forte
- Adline Clarke
- Napoleon Bracy
- Sam Jones
- Barbara Drummond
- Kenyatté Hassell
- Patrice McClammy
- Kelvin Datcher
- Marilyn Lands
- Ontario Tillman
- Patrick Sellers
- Curtis Travis
- Phillip Ensler
- Travis Hendrix
NOT VOTING: 2
YES: 73
- Phillip Pettus
- Parker Moore
- Danny Crawford
- Andy Whitt
- Terri Collins
- Scott Stadthagen
- Corey Harbison
- Tim Wadsworth
- Tracy Estes
- Jamie Kiel
- Rex Reynolds
- Ritchie Whorton
- Nathaniel Ledbetter
- Phillip Rigsby
- Craig Lipscomb
- David Standridge
- Steve Hurst
- Randy Wood
- Bob Fincher
- Debbie Wood
- Corley Ellis
- Arnold Mooney
- Danny Garrett
- David Faulkner
- Jim Carns
- Jim Hill
- Allen Treadaway
- Brett Easterbrook
- Alan Baker
- Reed Ingram
- Joe Lovvorn
- Chris Blackshear
- Ed Oliver
- Paul W. Lee
- Jeff Sorrells
- Chris Sells
- Rhett Marques
- Steve Clouse
- Matt Simpson
- Chris Pringle
- Shane Stringer
- Margie Wilcox
- Chip Brown
- Ivan Smith
- Russell Bedsole
- Ben Robbins
- Kenneth Paschal
- Cynthia Almond
- Ben Harrison
- James Lomax
- Mark Shirey
- Matt Woods
- Leigh Hulsey
- Mike Kirkland
- Brock Colvin
- Mack Butler
- Mark Gidley
- Chad Robertson
- Susan DuBose
- Mike Shaw
- Ron Bolton
- Bill Lamb
- Rick Rehm
- Jerry Starnes
- Marcus Paramore
- Matthew Hammett
- Jennifer Fidler
- Frances Holk-Jones
- Kerry (Bubba) Underwood
- Troy Stubbs
- Ernie Yarbrough
- Bryan Brinyark
- Jeana Ross
NO: 29
- Laura Hall
- Barbara Boyd
- Anthony Daniels
- Neil Rafferty
- Rolanda Hollis
- M. Moore
- Juandalynn Givan
- Prince Chestnut
- Thomas Jackson
- Kelvin Lawrence
- Chris England
- Artis 'A.J.' McCampbell
- TaShina Morris
- Pebblin W. Warren
- Jeremy Gray
- Berry Forte
- Adline Clarke
- Napoleon Bracy
- Sam Jones
- Barbara Drummond
- Kenyatté Hassell
- Patrice McClammy
- Kelvin Datcher
- Marilyn Lands
- Ontario Tillman
- Patrick Sellers
- Curtis Travis
- Phillip Ensler
- Travis Hendrix
NOT VOTING: 2
YES: 25
- Tim Melson
- Tom Butler
- Arthur Orr
- Garlan Gudger
- Larry Stutts
- Sam Givhan
- Steve Livingston
- Andrew Jones
- Randy Price
- Dan Roberts
- J. T. 'Jabo' Waggoner
- Shay Shelnutt
- Gerald H. Allen
- Greg Albritton
- Will Barfoot
- Donnie Chesteen
- Clyde Chambliss
- Chris Elliott
- Jack W. Williams
- April Weaver
- Lance Bell
- Keith Kelley
- Jay Hovey
- Josh Carnley
- Wes Kitchens
NO: 6
NOT VOTING: 3
YES: 31
- Tim Melson
- Tom Butler
- Arthur Orr
- Garlan Gudger
- Larry Stutts
- Sam Givhan
- Steve Livingston
- Andrew Jones
- Randy Price
- Dan Roberts
- J. T. 'Jabo' Waggoner
- Shay Shelnutt
- Rodger M. Smitherman
- Linda Coleman-Madison
- Gerald H. Allen
- Greg Albritton
- Bobby D. Singleton
- Will Barfoot
- Donnie Chesteen
- Clyde Chambliss
- Chris Elliott
- Jack W. Williams
- David Sessions
- Kirk Hatcher
- April Weaver
- Robert Stewart
- Lance Bell
- Keith Kelley
- Josh Carnley
- Merika Coleman
- Wes Kitchens
NO: 0
NOT VOTING: 3
YES: 25
- Tim Melson
- Tom Butler
- Arthur Orr
- Garlan Gudger
- Larry Stutts
- Sam Givhan
- Steve Livingston
- Andrew Jones
- Randy Price
- Dan Roberts
- J. T. 'Jabo' Waggoner
- Gerald H. Allen
- Greg Albritton
- Will Barfoot
- Donnie Chesteen
- Clyde Chambliss
- Chris Elliott
- Jack W. Williams
- David Sessions
- April Weaver
- Lance Bell
- Keith Kelley
- Jay Hovey
- Josh Carnley
- Wes Kitchens
NO: 6
NOT VOTING: 3
YES: 6
NO: 26
- Tim Melson
- Tom Butler
- Arthur Orr
- Garlan Gudger
- Larry Stutts
- Sam Givhan
- Steve Livingston
- Andrew Jones
- Randy Price
- Dan Roberts
- J. T. 'Jabo' Waggoner
- Shay Shelnutt
- Gerald H. Allen
- Greg Albritton
- Will Barfoot
- Donnie Chesteen
- Clyde Chambliss
- Chris Elliott
- Jack W. Williams
- David Sessions
- April Weaver
- Lance Bell
- Keith Kelley
- Jay Hovey
- Josh Carnley
- Wes Kitchens
NOT VOTING: 2
YES: 6
NO: 25
- Tim Melson
- Arthur Orr
- Garlan Gudger
- Larry Stutts
- Sam Givhan
- Steve Livingston
- Andrew Jones
- Randy Price
- Dan Roberts
- J. T. 'Jabo' Waggoner
- Shay Shelnutt
- Gerald H. Allen
- Greg Albritton
- Will Barfoot
- Donnie Chesteen
- Clyde Chambliss
- Chris Elliott
- Jack W. Williams
- David Sessions
- April Weaver
- Lance Bell
- Keith Kelley
- Jay Hovey
- Josh Carnley
- Wes Kitchens
NOT VOTING: 3
YES: 74
- Phillip Pettus
- Parker Moore
- Danny Crawford
- Andy Whitt
- Terri Collins
- Scott Stadthagen
- Tim Wadsworth
- Tracy Estes
- Jamie Kiel
- Rex Reynolds
- Ritchie Whorton
- Nathaniel Ledbetter
- Phillip Rigsby
- Craig Lipscomb
- David Standridge
- Steve Hurst
- Randy Wood
- Bob Fincher
- Debbie Wood
- Ginny Shaver
- Corley Ellis
- Arnold Mooney
- Danny Garrett
- David Faulkner
- Jim Carns
- Jim Hill
- Allen Treadaway
- Brett Easterbrook
- Alan Baker
- Reed Ingram
- Joe Lovvorn
- Chris Blackshear
- Ed Oliver
- Paul W. Lee
- Jeff Sorrells
- Chris Sells
- Rhett Marques
- Steve Clouse
- Matt Simpson
- Chris Pringle
- Shane Stringer
- Margie Wilcox
- Chip Brown
- Ivan Smith
- Russell Bedsole
- Ben Robbins
- Kenneth Paschal
- Cynthia Almond
- Ben Harrison
- James Lomax
- Mark Shirey
- Matt Woods
- Leigh Hulsey
- Mike Kirkland
- Brock Colvin
- Mack Butler
- Mark Gidley
- Chad Robertson
- Susan DuBose
- Mike Shaw
- Ron Bolton
- Bill Lamb
- Donna Givens
- Rick Rehm
- Jerry Starnes
- Marcus Paramore
- Matthew Hammett
- Jennifer Fidler
- Frances Holk-Jones
- Kerry (Bubba) Underwood
- Troy Stubbs
- Ernie Yarbrough
- Bryan Brinyark
- Jeana Ross
NO: 28
- Laura Hall
- Barbara Boyd
- Anthony Daniels
- Neil Rafferty
- Rolanda Hollis
- M. Moore
- Juandalynn Givan
- Thomas Jackson
- Kelvin Lawrence
- Chris England
- Artis 'A.J.' McCampbell
- TaShina Morris
- Pebblin W. Warren
- Jeremy Gray
- Berry Forte
- Adline Clarke
- Napoleon Bracy
- Sam Jones
- Barbara Drummond
- Kenyatté Hassell
- Patrice McClammy
- Kelvin Datcher
- Marilyn Lands
- Ontario Tillman
- Patrick Sellers
- Curtis Travis
- Phillip Ensler
- Travis Hendrix
NOT VOTING: 1
YES: 73
- Phillip Pettus
- Parker Moore
- Danny Crawford
- Andy Whitt
- Terri Collins
- Scott Stadthagen
- Tracy Estes
- Jamie Kiel
- Rex Reynolds
- Ritchie Whorton
- Nathaniel Ledbetter
- Phillip Rigsby
- Craig Lipscomb
- David Standridge
- Steve Hurst
- Randy Wood
- Bob Fincher
- Debbie Wood
- Ginny Shaver
- Corley Ellis
- Arnold Mooney
- Danny Garrett
- David Faulkner
- Jim Carns
- Jim Hill
- Allen Treadaway
- Brett Easterbrook
- Alan Baker
- Reed Ingram
- Joe Lovvorn
- Chris Blackshear
- Ed Oliver
- Paul W. Lee
- Jeff Sorrells
- Chris Sells
- Rhett Marques
- Steve Clouse
- Matt Simpson
- Chris Pringle
- Shane Stringer
- Margie Wilcox
- Chip Brown
- Ivan Smith
- Russell Bedsole
- Ben Robbins
- Kenneth Paschal
- Cynthia Almond
- Ben Harrison
- James Lomax
- Mark Shirey
- Matt Woods
- Leigh Hulsey
- Mike Kirkland
- Brock Colvin
- Mack Butler
- Mark Gidley
- Chad Robertson
- Susan DuBose
- Mike Shaw
- Ron Bolton
- Bill Lamb
- Donna Givens
- Rick Rehm
- Jerry Starnes
- Marcus Paramore
- Matthew Hammett
- Jennifer Fidler
- Frances Holk-Jones
- Kerry (Bubba) Underwood
- Troy Stubbs
- Ernie Yarbrough
- Bryan Brinyark
- Jeana Ross
NO: 28
- Laura Hall
- Barbara Boyd
- Anthony Daniels
- Neil Rafferty
- Rolanda Hollis
- M. Moore
- Juandalynn Givan
- Prince Chestnut
- Thomas Jackson
- Kelvin Lawrence
- Chris England
- Artis 'A.J.' McCampbell
- TaShina Morris
- Pebblin W. Warren
- Jeremy Gray
- Berry Forte
- Adline Clarke
- Napoleon Bracy
- Sam Jones
- Barbara Drummond
- Kenyatté Hassell
- Patrice McClammy
- Kelvin Datcher
- Marilyn Lands
- Ontario Tillman
- Patrick Sellers
- Curtis Travis
- Phillip Ensler
ABSTAIN: 2
Actions
- May 15, 2025 | House
- Enacted
- May 15, 2025 | Senate
- Signature Requested
- May 15, 2025 | House
- Enrolled
- Delivered to Governor
- May 14, 2025 | House
- Stadthagen Previous Question - Adopted Roll Call 1245
- Reynolds Concur In and Adopt - Adopted Roll Call 1246
- Ready to Enroll
- May 14, 2025 | Senate
- Judiciary 1st Amendment Offered 6YPLE11-1 (Judiciary)
- Bell motion to Table - Adopted Voice Vote 6YPLE11-1
- Judiciary 2nd Amendment Offered AR164Q7-1 (Judiciary)
- Bell motion to Table - Adopted Voice Vote AR164Q7-1
- Judiciary 3rd Amendment Offered DG9RYHH-1 (Judiciary)
- Bell motion to Table - Adopted Voice Vote DG9RYHH-1
- Bell 1st Substitute Offered YMYIA2N-1
- Bell motion to Adopt - Adopted Roll Call 1080 YMYIA2N-1
- Singleton 1st Amendment Offered 2JTL1SK-1
- Singleton motion to Adopt - Adopted Roll Call 1081 2JTL1SK-1
- Singleton 2nd Amendment Offered HGAU138-1
- Singleton motion to Adopt - Lost Roll Call 1082 HGAU138-1
- Smitherman 1st Amendment Offered 9J1NYBB-1
- Smitherman motion to Adopt - Lost Roll Call 1084 9J1NYBB-1
- Motion to Read a Third Time and Pass as Amended - Adopted Roll Call 1085
- May 01, 2025 | Senate
- Read for the Second Time and placed on the Calendar (Judiciary)
- Apr 30, 2025 | Senate
- Judiciary 1st Amendment 6YPLE11-1 (Judiciary)
- Judiciary 2nd Amendment AR164Q7-1 (Judiciary)
- Judiciary 3rd Amendment DG9RYHH-1 (Judiciary)
- Reported Out of Committee Second House
- Mar 19, 2025 | Senate
- Read for the first time and referred to the Senate Committee on Judiciary
- Pending Committee Action in Second House (Judiciary)
- Mar 06, 2025 | House
- BIR440 for HB202, Passed by House of Origin
- Third Reading in House of Origin
- Judiciary Engrossed Substitute Offered 9JJGIMB-1 (Judiciary)
- Motion to Adopt - Adopted Roll Call 363 9JJGIMB-1
- Motion to Read a Third Time and Pass as Amended - Adopted Roll Call 364
- Motion to Add Cosponsor - Adopted Roll Call 365
- Engrossed
- Feb 27, 2025 | House
- Read for the Second Time and placed on the Calendar (Judiciary)
- Feb 26, 2025 | House
- Judiciary 1st Substitute AC3Z77S-1 (Judiciary)
- Judiciary 1st Amendment EJJ1A92-1 (Judiciary)
- Judiciary 2nd Amendment JPPZPFN-1 (Judiciary)
- Reported Out of Committee House of Origin 9JJGIMB-1 (Judiciary)
- Feb 05, 2025 | House
- Read for the first time and referred to the House Committee on Judiciary
- Pending Committee Action in House of Origin (Judiciary)
Bill Texts
- IntroducedPDF
- EngrossedPDF
- EnrolledPDF
- Act Number 2025-423HTML
- House Amendment AC3Z77S-1 (2025-02-26)PDF
- House Amendment EJJ1A92-1 (2025-02-26)PDF
- House Amendment JPPZPFN-1 (2025-02-26)PDF
- House Amendment 9JJGIMB-1 (2025-02-26)PDF
- Senate Amendment 6YPLE11-1 (2025-04-30)PDF
- Senate Amendment AR164Q7-1 (2025-04-30)PDF
- Senate Amendment DG9RYHH-1 (2025-04-30)PDF
- Senate Amendment YMYIA2N-1 (2025-05-14)PDF
- Senate Amendment 2JTL1SK-1 (2025-05-14) -- Singleton 1stPDF
- Senate Amendment HGAU138-1 (2025-05-14) -- Singleton 2ndPDF
- Senate Amendment 9J1NYBB-1 (2025-05-14) -- Smitherman 1stPDF