LEGISLATIVE FISCAL ESTIMATE
ASSEMBLY, No. 420
STATE OF NEW JERSEY
220th LEGISLATURE
DATED: SEPTEMBER 1, 2023
SUMMARY
Synopsis: Establishes “Gambling Treatment Diversion Court Pilot Program” to
be administered by AOC.
Type of Impact: Three-year impact on State expenditures.
Agencies Affected: The Judiciary; Department of Corrections.
Office of Legislative Services Estimate
Fiscal Impact Three-Year Duration of Pilot Program
State Cost Impact Indeterminate
 The Office of Legislative Services (OLS) concludes that this bill will likely result in increased
expenditures to the Judiciary and expenditure decreases to the Department of Corrections for
the three-year period established pursuant to the bill. However, the OLS lacks sufficient
information to quantify the exact fiscal impact, as it is not possible to know how many
individuals will be eligible for the pilot program.
 The Judiciary would likely experience expenditure increases related to establishing and
managing the pilot program, including for hiring additional staff in the Probation Division for
supervising the program participants. Assuming the costs of supervision of the Gambling
Treatment Diversion Court Pilot Program is comparable to the cost associated with Recovery
Court and the statistics for the number of participants from Nevada’s court-ordered treatment
for a gambling addiction, the OLS concludes that the Judiciary may experience an increase in
expenditures of at least $0.6 million per year.
 The Department of Corrections would likely experience an indeterminate expenditure
reduction resulting from the diversion of defendants who participate in and successfully
complete the pilot program, and who would otherwise have been housed in a State correctional
facility upon conviction. The department estimates the average annual cost of housing an
inmate in a State correctional facility in FY 2023 was $75,574.
 The OLS notes that the Judiciary and the Department of Corrections may experience an
indeterminate State expenditure reduction resulting from a positive effect on recidivism, which
Office of Legislative Services Legislative Budget and Finance Office
State House Annex Phone (609) 847-3105
P.O. Box 068 Fax (609) 777-2442
Trenton, New Jersey 08625 www.njleg.state.nj.us
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could extend beyond the three-year period of the pilot program, to the extent the pilot program
reduces the participants’ parole re-arrest, re-conviction, and re-incarceration rates.
BILL DESCRIPTION
This bill creates a Gambling Treatment Diversion Court Pilot Program with the purpose to
treat persons determined to be affected by an addictive disorder related to gambling and who
committed a crime for which they have been convicted in furtherance or as a result of the gambling.
The gambling court would be administered by the Administrative Office of the Courts and be
established, as the administrative office determines, in one northern, one central, and one southern
vicinage of this State. This bill is modeled after a similar program in Nevada.
FISCAL ANALYSIS
THE JUDICIARY
The OLS has not received a formal fiscal note on this bill. However, upon request, the
Judiciary provided the following:
As eligible defendants would not be diverted until after conviction, cases would proceed
through the ordinary criminal process until that time. In addition, assuming a criminal judge will
be setting aside the conviction or sentencing of a defendant, depending on whether the defendant
completes the program, the caseload would be the same or slightly reduced for the defendant that
would have his/her conviction set aside. Therefore, the Judiciary does not expect the bill to have a
significant impact on the time and resources of criminal division judges or staff.
However, as the bill requires program participants to be supervised and have progress
monitored and reported to the court for up to three years, the Judiciary will need to establish a
differentiated gambling court diversion program supervision case type within the Probation
Division of the Superior Court Office of Probation Services. Additional Probation staff will be
needed to develop and manage the program, and additional probation officers will be required to
supervise and monitor the clients.
Unfortunately, the Judiciary does not track or record gambling related convictions. As a result,
the Judiciary is unable to estimate with any certainty how many defendants might be eligible for
this diversionary program, the impact the diversion program would have on the court system, or
the impact the bill would have on Judiciary revenue or expenditures.
EXECUTIVE BRANCH
None received.
OFFICE OF LEGISLATIVE SERVICES
The OLS concludes that this bill will likely result in increased expenditures to the Judiciary
and expenditure decreases to the Department of Corrections for the three-year period established
pursuant to the bill. However, the OLS lacks sufficient information to quantify the exact fiscal
impact, as it is not possible to know how many individuals will be eligible for the pilot program.
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This bill requires the Administrative Office of the Courts to establish and administer a three-
year Gambling Treatment Diversion Court Pilot Program to treat defendants determined to be
affected by an addictive disorder related to gambling. The program is to be established and
administered in three vicinages in the State, one each in the northern, central, and southern
vicinages, as determined by the administrative office. Program participants would proceed
through the ordinary criminal justice process, and be diverted to the pilot program only after
conviction. The court would set aside the conviction if the court determines that the participant
has satisfactorily completed the program.
According to the Judiciary, since the participant would only be diverted after a conviction, the
bill would not affect the Judiciary’s caseload and, therefore, would not have a significant impact
on the time and resources of Criminal Division judges or staff. However, because program
participants would be required to be supervised and have their progress monitored for up to three
years, the Judiciary would incur costs associated with the establishment of a differentiated
gambling court diversion program supervision case type within the Probation Division, and for
additional probation staff to develop and manage the program. Due to a lack of relevant
information, the OLS cannot determine the extent of these costs.
The OLS notes that Nevada is the only state which currently operates a gambling court. In
fiscal year 2021, 19 individuals in Nevada received court-ordered treatment for a gambling
addiction. New Jersey’s population, which is approximately 9.26 million, is nearly three times as
large as Nevada, which has a population of 3.18 million. Unlike New Jersey, Nevada does not
permit online gambling. A number of news outlets have reported that calls to gambling help lines
in New Jersey increased exponentially after the legalization of online gambling. Accordingly, the
OLS assumes that, in New Jersey, there are likely to be greater than three times the number of
gambling court participants as in Nevada. For purposes of illustration and based on the information
above, the OLS expects that there could be at least 57 gambling court participants per year.
The Judiciary also currently operates a Recovery Court program, formerly “drug court.”
According to the Judiciary, a person may participate in recovery court for up to two years. Under
the bill, a person may participate in the Gambling Treatment Diversion Court program for up to
three years. Due to the greater maximum time that a person may participate in the program, the
cost to the Judiciary associated with supervision would likely be greater.
According to the Judiciary, there are expected to be 6,300 participants in the Recovery Court
program during FY 2024, for which the FY 2024 Appropriations Act includes $68,880,000, or an
estimated $10,933 per participant. The OLS notes that there could be overlap of defendants who
are affected by one or more addictive disorder, in addition to gambling, and who may qualify to
both the Gambling Treatment Diversion Court as well as the Recovery Court. Assuming the costs
of supervision of program participants is comparable to the cost associated with Recovery Court,
the OLS determines that if the bill is enacted, the Judiciary may experience an increase in
expenditures of at least $623,200 per year, in addition to the unknown costs associated with
establishing and managing the pilot program.
According to an informal estimate provided by the Department of Corrections, the average
annual cost of housing an inmate in a State correctional facility is $75,574. The cost was based
on FY 2023 actual expenditures and is an average of all facilities, not including the Special
Treatment Unit at the Adult Diagnostic and Treatment Center that houses civilly committed
residents. As noted above, for purposes of this fiscal estimate, the OLS assumes there could be at
least 57 gambling court participants per year. Under a hypothetical scenario in which all 57
participants were diverted from State correctional facilities as a result of the Gambling Treatment
Diversion Court program, the Department of Corrections would experience an annual cost savings
of at least $4.3 million. However, the OLS cannot predict how many program participants would
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have otherwise been incarcerated, and notes there is generally a presumption of non-incarceration
for first-time offenders of crimes of the third and fourth degree.
The OLS notes that the Judiciary and the Department of Corrections may experience an
indeterminate State expenditure reduction resulting from a positive effect on recidivism, which
could extend beyond the three-year period of the pilot program, to the extent the pilot program
reduces the participants’ parole re-arrest, re-conviction, and re-incarceration rates.
Section: Judiciary
Analyst: Gabriella Ferri
Lead Counsel
Approved: Thomas Koenig
Legislative Budget and Finance Officer
This legislative fiscal estimate has been produced by the Office of Legislative Services due to the
failure of the Executive Branch to respond to our request for a fiscal note.
This fiscal estimate has been prepared pursuant to P.L.1980, c.67 (C.52:13B-6 et seq.).