HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES STAFF ANALYSIS
BILL #: HB 867 Towing, Storage, and Release of Motor Vehicles
SPONSOR(S): Rizo
TIED BILLS: IDEN./SIM. BILLS: SB 990
REFERENCE ACTION ANALYST STAFF DIRECTOR or
BUDGET/POLICY CHIEF
1) Tourism, Infrastructure & Energy Subcommittee 10 Y, 6 N Walsh Keating
2) Civil Justice & Property Rights Subcommittee
3) Commerce Committee
SUMMARY ANALYSIS
A county or municipal government may contract with one or more wrecker operators to tow or remove
wrecked, disabled, or abandoned vehicles from streets, highways, and accident sites . Counties must establish
maximum rates for the towing of vehicles removed from private property, as well as the towing and storage of
vehicles removed from the scene of an accident or from where a vehicle is towed at the request of a law
enforcement officer.
When an officer has probable cause to believe that a vehicle should be seized under Florida law, was used to
commit a crime, is evidence that a crime has been committed, or was involved in a traffic accident causing
serious injury or death, an investigating agency may place a hold on a motor vehicle stored within a wrecker
operator’s storage facility for up to 5 business days. The investigating agency must inform the wrecker operator
within the five-day holding period if the agency intends to hold the vehicle for a longer period.
A vehicle or vessel may be towed at the direction of an owner or lessee of real property, or their designee if the
vehicle or vessel is parked on the property without permission. The towing or removal of any vehicle or vessel
from private property without the consent of the registered owner or another legally authorized person in
control of that vehicle or vessel is subject to strict compliance with certain conditions and restrictions.
The bill provides protections to ensure that wrecker operator companies are paid for the towing and storage
charges of impounded vehicles. The bill also clarifies that a rental agreement is not sufficient to prove agency
when a wrecker operator is releasing a vehicle to an owner’s agent.
The bill does not appear to effect state or local government revenues or expenditures.
The bill provides an effective date of July 1, 2022.
This docum ent does not reflect the intent or official position of the bill sponsor or House of Representatives .
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 FULL ANALYSIS
I. SUBSTANTIVE ANALYSIS
A. EFFECT OF PROPOSED CHANGES:
Present Situation
A county or municipal government may contract with one or more wrecker operators to tow or remove
wrecked, disabled, or abandoned vehicles from streets, highways, and accident sites. 1 After the
establishment of such contract(s), the county or municipality must create a “wrecker operator system”
to apportion towing assignments between the contracted wrecker services. This apportionment may
occur through the creation of geographic zones, a rotation schedule, or a combination of those
methods.2 Any wrecker operator that is included in the wrecker operator system is an “authorized
wrecker operator” in the jurisdiction, while any wrecker operation not included is an “unauthorized
wrecker operator.”3
Counties must establish maximum rates for the towing of vehicles removed from private property, as
well as the towing and storage of vehicles removed from the scene of an accident or from where a
vehicle is towed at the request of a law enforcement officer. Municipalities are also authorized to adopt
maximum rate ordinances. If a municipality enacts an ordinance to establish towing fees, the county
ordinance will not apply within the municipality.4
Vehicle Holds, Wrecker Operator Storage Facilities, and Liens
An investigating agency may place a hold on a motor vehicle stored within a wrecker operator’s storage
facility for up to five business days.5 A hold may be applied when a law enforcement officer has
probable cause to believe the vehicle:
 Should be seized under the Florida Contraband and Forfeiture Act or ch. 379, F.S.;
 Was used as the means of committing a crime;
 Is evidence that tends to show a crime has been committed; or
 Was involved in a traffic accident resulting in death or personal injury. 6
An officer may also apply a hold when the vehicle is impounded under s. 316.193, F.S., (relating to
driving under the influence), or s. 322.34, F.S., (relating to driving with a suspended or revoked
license), or when the officer is complying with a court order.7 The hold must be in writing and include
the name and agency of the law enforcement officer placing the hold, the date and time the hold is
placed on the vehicle, a general description of the vehicle, the specific reason for the hold, the
condition of the vehicle, the location where the vehicle is being held, and the name and contact
information for the wrecker operator and storage facility.8
1 S. 323.002(1)(c), F.S. The definition of “vehicle” does not include a vessel or a trailer intended for the transport on land
of a vessel. See s. 320.01, F.S. (defining “motor vehicle” for the purpose of issuance of motor vehicle licenses and
separately defining a “marine boat trailer dealer” as a person engaged in “business of buying … trailers specifically
designed to be drawn by another vehicle and used for the transportation on land of vessels.”) But see s. 323.002(4)(b),
F.S., which expressly authorizes a county or municipality to adopt or maintain an ordinance or rule that imposes a
reasonable administrative fee or charge on the registered owner or other legally authorized person in control of a vehicle
or vessel that is towed by an authorized wrecker operator, not to exceed 25 percent of the maximum towing rate, to cover
the cost of enforcement, including parking enforcement, by the county or municipality when the vehicle or vessel is towed
from public property. This administrative fee, if imposed and collected by an authorized wrecker operator or towing
business, must be remitted to the county or municipality after it is collected.
2 Id.
3 S. 323.002(1)(a)-(b), F.S.
4 Ss. 125.0103(1)(c) and 166.043(1)(c), F.S.
5 S. 323.001(1), F.S.
6 S. 323.001(4)(a)-(e), F.S.
7 S. 323.001(4)(f)-(g), F.S.
8 S. 323.001(5), F.S.
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 The investigating agency must inform the wrecker operator within the five-day holding period if
the agency intends to hold the vehicle for a longer period.9 The vehicle owner is liable for towing and
storage charges for the first five days. If the vehicle is held beyond five days, the investigating agency
may choose to have the vehicle stored at a designated impound lot or to pay for storage at the wrecker
operator’s storage facility.10
A wrecker operator or other person engaged in the business of transporting vehicles or vessels
who recovers, removes, or stores a vehicle or vessel possesses a lien on the vehicle or vessel for
a reasonable towing fee and storage fee if the vehicle or vessel is removed upon instructions
from:
 The owner of the vehicle or vessel;
 The owner, lessor, or authorized person acting on behalf of the owner/lessor of property on
which the vehicle or vessel is wrongly parked (as long as the removal is performed according to
s. 715.07, F.S.);
 The landlord or authorized person acting on behalf of a landlord, when the vehicle or vessel
remains on the property after the expiration of tenancy and the removal is performed pursuant
to enforcing a lien pursuant to s. 83.806, F.S., or for the removal of property left after a lease is
vacated under s. 715.104, F.S.; or
 Any law enforcement agency.11
Recovery of a Vehicle or Vessel from a Towing-Storage Operator
Pursuant to s. 713.78(10), F.S., towing and storage operators must permit vehicle or vessel owners,
lienholders, insurance company representatives, or agents to inspect a towed vehicle or vessel and
release to that person all personal property that was not affixed when the vehicle or vessel came into
the custody of the towing or storage operator.12 The authorization of agency must be documented in an
original writing acknowledged by the owner before a notary public or someone authorized to administer
oaths. However, this subsection does not provide guidance on how an interested party may take
possession of the vehicle or vessel once it has been towed or stored.
Whoever violates these inspection provisions is guilty of a third-degree felony which is punishable by a
fine that does not exceed $5,00013 and a term of imprisonment that does not exceed five years. 14
Towing from Private Property
A vehicle or vessel may be towed at the direction of an owner or lessee of real property, or their
designee if the vehicle or vessel is parked on the property without permission.15 A person regularly
engaged in the business of towing vehicles or vessels must conduct the tow. The towing or removal of
any vehicle or vessel from private property without the consent of the registered owner or another
legally authorized person in control of that vehicle or vessel is subject to strict compliance with certain
conditions and restrictions. These conditions and restrictions include: 16
 Any towed or removed vehicle or vessel must be stored at a site within a specified distance of
the point of removal.17
9 S. 323.001(2), F.S.
10 S. 323.001(2)(a)-(b), F.S.
11 S. 713.78(2), F.S.
12 S. 713.78(10), F.S.
13 S. 775.083(1)(c), F.S.
14 S. 775.082(3)(e), F.S.
15 S. 715.07(2), F.S.
16 S. 715.07(2)(a), F.S.
17 S. 715.07(2)(a), F.S. The vehicle or vessel must be stored within a 10-mile radius of the removal point in a county with a
population of at least 500,000 and within a 15-mile radius of the removal point in a county with a population of fewer than
500,000. If no towing business operates within the given area, these radiuses are extended to 20 miles (for a county with
a population of at least 500,000) and 30 miles (for a county with a population of fewer than 500,000). The site must be
open from 8 am to 6 pm when the towing business is in operation and must post a telephone number where the operator
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  The towing company must notify local law enforcement, within 30 minutes of completing the
tow, of the storage site; the time the vehicle or vessel was towed; and the make, model, color,
and license plate number of the vehicle or description and registration number of the vessel.
The towing truck operator is required to record the name of the law enforcement officer who
received the information in the operator’s trip record.
 The owner of a vehicle or vessel must be allowed to redeem the vehicle or vessel from the
towing company if the owner seeks the return of the vehicle or vessel before the tow has
occurred. The towing company may charge a reasonable service fee of up to one-half of the
posted towing rate for the return of the vehicle or vessel and may tow the vehicle or vessel if the
owner is unable to pay the fee after a reasonable opportunity.
 A towing company may not pay or accept money in exchange for the privilege of towing or
removing vehicles or vessels from a particular location.
 If the towing company requires the owner of a vehicle to pay the costs of towing and storage
before redemption, the towing company must file and keep on record its rate schedule with the
local law enforcement agency and post the rate schedule at the storage site.
 Trucks and wreckers used by the towing company must have the name, address, and telephone
number of the company printed on both sides of the vehicle in contrasting letters. The name of
the towing company must be in 3-inch or taller permanently affixed letters, while the address
and telephone number must be in 1-inch or taller permanently affixed letters.
 The towing company must exercise reasonable care when entering a vehicle or vessel to
remove it. The towing company is liable for any damage to the vehicle caused by failure to
exercise reasonable care.
 The vehicle or vessel must be released to its owner within one hour after request. The owner
maintains a right to inspect the vehicle or vessel, and the towing company operation may not
require a release or waiver of damages to be signed as a condition of returning the vehicle. The
towing company operator must issue a detailed, single receipt to the owner of the vehicle or
vessel.
Additionally, a vehicle or vessel may not be towed without consent of its owner, except from property
appurtenant to a single-family residence, unless a notice is posted which states the area in which that
vehicle or vessel is parked is reserved or otherwise unavailable for unauthorized vehicles or that the
vehicle or vessel is subject to being removed at the owner’s or operator’s expense and the notice
meets the following requirements:18
 The notice is placed prominently at each driveway access or curb cut, within five feet from the
public right-of-way line. If the property has no curbs or access barriers, signs must be posted at
least once every 25 feet of lot frontage.
 The notice must indicate, in not less than 2-inch high, light-reflective letters on a contrasting
background, that unauthorized vehicles will be towed away at the owner’s expense and contain
the words “tow-away zone” in letters not less than 4 inches high.
 The notice must provide the name and telephone number of the towing company.
 The sign containing the notices must be permanently installed in such a way that the words
“tow-away zone” is between three and six feet above ground level and the sign must have been
continuously maintained on the property for not less than 24 hours before the towing of any
vehicle or vessel.
 Local governments may also require permitting and inspection of signage before any towing is
authorized.
 A business with 20 or fewer parking spaces may satisfy the requirement by prominently
displaying a sign stating “Reserved Parking for Customers Only Unauthorized Vehicles or
Vessels Will be Towed Away At the Owner’s Expense” in not less than 4-inch high, light-
reflective letters on a contrasting background.
of the site can be reached when the site is closed. Upon receipt of a telephoned request to open the site and redeem a
vehicle of vessel, the operator must return to the site within one hour.
18 S. 715.07(2)(a), F.S.
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  A property owner towing or removing vessels from real property must post a notice, consistent
with the requirements in the statute which apply to vehicles,19 that unauthorized vehicles or
vessels will be towed away at the owners’ expense.
A vehicle or vessel may be towed even in the absence of a tow-away zone sign if the vehicle or vessel
is parked in such a way that it restricts the normal operation of a business or restricts access to a
private driveway and the business owner or lessee requests the tow.20
Effect of the Bill
The bill provides protections to ensure that wrecker operator companies are paid for the towing and
storage charges of impounded vehicles and clarifies that a rental agreement is not sufficient to prove
agency when releasing a vehicle to an owner’s agent.
The bill clarifies that an investigating agency may have a wrecker operator tow a vehicle directly to the
investigating agency’s storage facility. If an investigating agency tows a vehicle directly to the agency’s
storage facility, the bill requires that, prior to releasing the vehicle to the owner or lienholder, the
investigating agency must obtain proof of payment by the owner or lienholder of the vehicle of the
towing and storage charges incurred by the wrecker operator. If an investigating agency does not
obtain such proof of payment prior to releasing the vehicle, the investigating agency must pay the
wrecker operator such towing and storage charges within 60 days after the vehicle is released.
Under the bill, an investigating agency that places a hold on an impounded vehicle beyond 5 days,
excluding holidays and weekends, has the vehicle removed to a designated impound lot, and releases
the vehicle to the owner or lienholder without obtaining proof of payment of the towing and storage
charges incurred by the wrecker operator must pay the wrecker operator such charges within 60 days
after the vehicle is released.
The bill requires that payment to a wrecker operator for accrued towing and storage charges by an