Senate Bill 649 aims to enhance the security of genetic data by prohibiting medical and research facilities in Wisconsin from using genetic software or sequencers produced by foreign adversaries, which include countries like China, Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Russia, and Venezuela. The bill defines key terms such as "genetic analysis," "genetic sequencer," and "foreign adversary," and establishes that any facility receiving state funds and conducting genetic research must comply with these restrictions. Additionally, it mandates that no human genome sequencing data of Wisconsin residents can be stored within the borders of a foreign adversary, ensuring that such data remains inaccessible to individuals in those countries.

The enforcement of this bill will be overseen by the attorney general, who is authorized to investigate violations and impose penalties. Any entity found in violation of the prohibitions on using foreign adversary software or storing genetic data in those countries will face a forfeiture of $10,000 for each violation. The bill also includes provisions that exempt certain data collected during clinical trials or biomedical research studies that adhere to federal regulations regarding sensitive data protection.