Senate Bill 128 aims to address the environmental and public health concerns associated with per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) by establishing several new programs and requirements. The bill mandates the Department of Natural Resources (DNR) to create a municipal PFAS grant program that provides funding for PFAS testing and remediation efforts for municipalities, nonmunicipal entities, and privately owned landfills. It also introduces an innocent landowner grant program to assist individuals or entities that have been affected by PFAS contamination, allowing for grants up to $250,000. Additionally, the bill outlines specific exemptions from existing spills law for eligible grant recipients and sets limitations on DNR's ability to impede construction projects based on PFAS contamination unless certain conditions are met.

Furthermore, the bill requires DNR to enhance its PFAS testing activities, conduct studies on PFAS treatment and remediation methods, and report its progress to the legislature every six months for three years. It also includes provisions for a pilot project on portable water treatment systems for PFAS-contaminated surface water, as well as assistance for laboratories to improve PFAS testing capabilities. The bill emphasizes the importance of collaboration between DNR and the University of Wisconsin System to ensure effective PFAS management and reporting, while also allowing municipalities to utilize revenues for PFAS source reduction measures. Overall, Senate Bill 128 represents a comprehensive approach to tackling PFAS contamination and its associated risks.