[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 3645 Introduced in Senate (IS)]

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119th CONGRESS
  2d Session
                                S. 3645

     To improve the efficiency of the removal process by enhancing 
 cooperation between government entities and by expanding the grounds 
     for deportation for any alien to include any felony or any 2 
                             misdemeanors.


_______________________________________________________________________


                   IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES

                            January 14, 2026

  Mr. Cotton introduced the following bill; which was read twice and 
               referred to the Committee on the Judiciary

_______________________________________________________________________

                                 A BILL


 
     To improve the efficiency of the removal process by enhancing 
 cooperation between government entities and by expanding the grounds 
     for deportation for any alien to include any felony or any 2 
                             misdemeanors.

    Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the 
United States of America in Congress assembled,

SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.

    This Act may be cited as the ``Deportation Acceleration Act''.

SEC. 2. MANDATORY REAL-TIME DATA SHARING OF CRIMINAL CONVICTIONS.

    (a) In General.--Not later than 180 days after the date of the 
enactment of this Act, the Attorney General, in consultation with the 
Secretary of Homeland Security, shall establish a process for State and 
local courts and law enforcement agencies to report every criminal 
conviction of any individual who is not a United States citizen to the 
Department of Homeland Security not later than 24 hours after entering 
such conviction through integration with existing Federal databases, 
including the database that was used by Secure Communities.
    (b) Removal Proceedings.--Upon receiving information about a 
criminal conviction of a noncitizen that renders such noncitizen 
removable under section 237(a)(2) of the Immigration and Nationality 
Act (8 U.S.C. 1227(a)(2)), the Secretary of Homeland Security shall 
initiate removal proceedings by issuing a Notice to Appear (Form I-862) 
to such noncitizen or an immigration detainer to the State or local law 
enforcement agency that has custody of such noncitizen.

SEC. 3. EXPANDED USE OF EXPEDITED REMOVAL.

    Section 238 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1228) 
is amended--
            (1) by striking the section header and inserting the 
        following: ``expedited removal of any noncitizen convicted of a 
        felony or 2 misdemeanors.'';
            (2) in subsection (a)--
                    (A) in paragraph (1)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
                        ``in'' and inserting ``In''; and
                            (ii) by striking ``any criminal offense 
                        covered in section 241(a)(2)(A)(iii), (B), (C), 
                        or (D), or any offense covered by section 
                        241(a)(2)(A)(ii) for which both predicate 
                        offenses are, without regard to the date of 
                        their commission, otherwise covered by section 
                        241(a)(2)(A)(i)'' and inserting ``any felony or 
                        2 misdemeanors'';
                    (B) by moving paragraphs (2), (3), and (4) 2 ems to 
                the right;
                    (C) in paragraph (2)--
                            (i) by striking ``an aggravated felony'' 
                        and inserting ``a felony or 2 misdemeanors''; 
                        and
                            (ii) by striking ``felon'' and inserting 
                        ``alien'';
                    (D) in paragraph (3)--
                            (i) in the paragraph heading, by striking 
                        ``expedited'' and inserting ``Expedited''; and
                            (ii) in subparagraph (A), by striking ``an 
                        aggravated felony before the alien's release 
                        from incarceration for the underlying 
                        aggravated felony'' and inserting ``a felony or 
                        2 misdemeanors before the alien's release from 
                        incarceration for the underlying crime''; and
                    (E) in paragraph (4), in the paragraph heading, by 
                striking ``review'' and inserting ``Review'';
            (3) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in the subsection header, by striking ``Who Are 
                Not Permanent Residents'';
                    (B) by striking paragraphs (1) and (2) and 
                inserting the following:
            ``(1) In general.--The Attorney General may determine the 
        deportability of an alien who has been convicted of a felony or 
        2 misdemeanors and issue an order of removal pursuant to the 
        procedures set forth in this subsection or in section 240.''; 
        and
                    (C) by redesignating paragraphs (3), (4), and (5) 
                as paragraphs (2), (3), and (4), respectively;
            (4) in the first subsection (c), by striking ``an 
        aggravated felony'' and inserting ``a felony or 2 
        misdemeanors''; and
            (5) by redesignating the second subsection (c) as 
        subsection (d).

SEC. 4. SHORTENED APPEAL WINDOWS IN NON-ASYLUM REMOVAL CASES.

    Section 240 of the Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S..C. 
1229a) is amended--
            (1) in subsection (a), by adding at the end the following:
            ``(4) Prioritization of criminal removal cases.--The 
        Attorney General shall--
                    ``(A) prioritize criminal removal cases on 
                immigration court dockets; and
                    ``(B) issue regulations to ensure, to the maximum 
                extent practicable, appeals in such cases are resolved 
                not later than 120 days after the relevant petition is 
                filed.'';
            (2) in subsection (b)--
                    (A) in paragraph (2)(A), in the matter preceding 
                clause (i), by striking ``The proceeding'' and 
                inserting ``Except as provided in subparagraphs (B) and 
                (C), the proceeding''; and
                    (B) in paragraph (5)(C), by striking ``180 days'' 
                and inserting ``30 days''; and
            (3) in subsection (c)(7)(C)(i), by striking ``90 days'' and 
        inserting ``30 days''.

SEC. 5. COOPERATION INCENTIVES AND HIGHWAY FUNDS PENALTIES FOR 
              SANCTUARY JURISDICTIONS.

    (a) Defined Term.--In this section, the term ``sanctuary 
jurisdiction'' means any State or political subdivision of a State that 
has in effect any law, policy, or practice that prohibits or restricts 
government entities or officials from--
            (1) sharing citizenship or immigration status information 
        with the Department of Homeland Security; or
            (2) complying with detainers or notification requests 
        issued by the Department of Homeland Security.
    (b) Cooperation Incentives.--
            (1) Authorization of appropriations.--There is authorized 
        to be appropriated to the Department of Homeland Security 
        $150,000,000 for fiscal year 2026 and every subsequent fiscal 
        year annually for competitive grants to be awarded to States 
        and local governments that fully cooperate with immigration 
        detainers, agreements authorized under section 287(g) of the 
        Immigration and Nationality Act (8 U.S.C. 1357(g)), and 
        information sharing.
            (2) Use of grant funds.--Grant funds awarded pursuant to 
        paragraph (1) may be used for detention capacity, officer 
        training, and enforcement equipment.
    (c) Penalties.--
            (1) In general.--Beginning on the first day of the first 
        fiscal year beginning after the date of the enactment of this 
        Act, the Secretary of Transportation, except as provided under 
        paragraph (2), shall withhold 15 percent of the funds a 
        sanctuary jurisdiction would otherwise receive from the Highway 
        Trust Fund apportionment in the relevant fiscal year unless the 
        sanctuary jurisdiction certifies to the Secretary of Homeland 
        Security that it no longer meets the definition of sanctuary 
        jurisdiction under paragraph (1).
            (2) Grace period; appeals.--Notwithstanding paragraph (1)--
                    (A) each sanctuary jurisdictions shall be given 180 
                days from the date of notification that funding from 
                the Highway Trust Fund will be withheld to submit the 
                certification described in paragraph (1); and
                    (B) sanctuary jurisdictions may appeal a 
                withholding determination to the Attorney General on 
                grounds of undue hardship.

SEC. 6. APPLICABILITY.

    The expedited removal of aliens convicted of a felony or 2 
misdemeanors authorized under section 238 of the Immigration and 
Nationality Act, as amended by section 3, shall apply regardless of 
whether the acts constituting the elements of the relevant crimes or 
the conviction for such crimes occurred before, on, or after the date 
of the enactment of this Act.
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