[Congressional Bills 119th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. Res. 273 Introduced in Senate (IS)]
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119th CONGRESS
1st Session
S. RES. 273
Recognizing the contributions of Black people to the musical heritage
of the United States and the need for greater access to music education
for Black students and designating June 2025 as ``Black Music Month''.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
June 12, 2025
Mr. Booker (for himself, Ms. Klobuchar, Mr. Van Hollen, Mr. Durbin, and
Ms. Blunt Rochester) submitted the following resolution; which was
referred to the Committee on the Judiciary
_______________________________________________________________________
RESOLUTION
Recognizing the contributions of Black people to the musical heritage
of the United States and the need for greater access to music education
for Black students and designating June 2025 as ``Black Music Month''.
Whereas spirituals, ragtime, blues, jazz, gospel, classical composition, and
countless other categories of music have been created or enhanced by
Black people and are etched into the history and culture of the United
States;
Whereas the first Africans transported to the United States came from a variety
of ethnic groups with a long history of distinct and cultivated musical
traditions, brought musical instruments with them, and built new musical
instruments in the United States;
Whereas spirituals were a distinct response to the conditions of African slavery
in the United States and expressed the longing of slaves for spiritual
and bodily freedom, for safety from harm and evil, and for relief from
the hardships of slavery;
Whereas jazz, arguably the most creative and complex music that the United
States has produced, combines the musical traditions of Black people in
New Orleans with the creative flexibility of blues music;
Whereas masterful trumpeters Louis Armstrong and Miles Davis achieved national
and international recognition with the success of ``West End Blues'' by
Louis Armstrong in the 1920s and ``So What'' by Miles Davis in the late
1950s;
Whereas Thomas Dorsey, the father of gospel music, used his composing talents to
merge sacred and secular styles that created a revolution in music;
Whereas talented jazz pianist and vocalist Nathaniel Adams Coles recorded more
than 150 singles and sold more than 50,000,000 records;
Whereas the talent of Ella Fitzgerald, a winner of 13 Grammy Awards, is
epitomized by a rendition of ``Summertime'', a bluesy record accompanied
by melodic vocals;
Whereas Natalie Cole, the daughter of Nathaniel Adams Coles, achieved musical
success in the mid-1970s as a rhythm and blues artist with the hits
``This Will Be'' and ``Unforgettable'';
Whereas, in the 1940s, bebop evolved through jam sessions, which included
trumpeter Dizzy Gillespie and the alto saxophonist Charlie Parker, that
were held at clubs in Harlem, New York, such as Minton's Playhouse;
Whereas earlier classical singers such as Elizabeth Taylor Greenfield, one of
the first widely known Black vocalists, and other early Black singing
pioneers, including Nellie Mitchell Brown, Marie Selika Williams, Rachel
Walker Turner, Marian Anderson, and Flora Batson Bergen, paved the way
for the female Black concert singers who have achieved great popularity
during the last 50 years;
Whereas the term ``rhythm and blues'' originated in the late 1940s as a way to
describe recordings marketed to Black people and replaced the term
``race music'';
Whereas lyrical themes in rhythm and blues often encapsulate the Black
experience of pain, the quest for freedom, joy, triumphs and failures,
relationships, economics, and aspiration and were popularized by artists
such as Ray Charles, Ruth Brown, Etta James, and Otis Redding;
Whereas soul music originated in the Black community in the late 1950s and early
1960s, combines elements of Black gospel music, rhythm and blues, and
jazz, and was popularized by artists such as Aretha Franklin, James
Brown, Ray Charles, Sam Cooke, Bill Withers, and Jackie Wilson;
Whereas Motown, founded as a record label in 1959, evolved into a distinctive
style known for the ``Motown Sound'', a blend of pop and soul musical
stylings made popular by prominent Black artists such as Marvin Gaye,
James Mason, and Mary Wells;
Whereas Go-Go, developed by Black musicians in the mid-1960s, combines funk,
soul, and Latin music, was popularized by artists such as Chuck Brown
and Rare Essence, and is the ``official music of Washington, DC'';
Whereas the National Museum of African American Music in Nashville, Tennessee,
serves as the official home of Black Music Month and is dedicated to
preserving and celebrating the central role of Black music in American
culture;
Whereas Harry Belafonte, a singer, actor, and activist, and a supporter and
confidant of Martin Luther King, Jr., throughout the civil rights
movement, influenced by his Caribbean roots, popularized Calypso music
in the United States;
Whereas, in the early 1970s, the musical style of disco emerged and was
popularized by programs such as Soul Train and by artists such as Donna
Summer;
Whereas reggae is a genre of music that originated in Jamaica in the late 1960s
and incorporates some of the musical elements of rhythm and blues, jazz,
mento, calypso, and African music, and was popularized by artists such
as Bob Marley;
Whereas rock and roll was developed from Black musical styles such as gospel and
rhythm and blues and was popularized by artists such as Chuck Berry, Bo
Diddley, Little Richard, and Jimi Hendrix;
Whereas rap, arguably the most complex and influential form of hip-hop culture,
combines blues, jazz, and soul and elements of the Black musical
tradition with Caribbean calypso, dub, and dance hall reggae;
Whereas the development and popularity of old-style rap combined confident beats
with wordplay and storytelling, highlighting the struggle of Black youth
growing up in underresourced neighborhoods;
Whereas Dayton, Ohio, known as the ``Land of Funk'', helped give rise to the
genre of funk as a mixture of soul, jazz, and rhythm and blues and
popularized bands such as the Ohio Players, Heatwave, Roger and Zapp,
and Lakeside;
Whereas contemporary rhythm and blues, which originated in the late 1970s and
combines elements of pop, rhythm and blues, soul, funk, hip hop, gospel,
and electronic dance music, was popularized by artists such as Whitney
Houston and Aaliyah;
Whereas Prince Rogers Nelson, a Minnesota native, was a one-of-a-kind artist who
made ``Purple Rain'' a household name, First Avenue a landmark, and
brought international fame to Minnesota's music scene;
Whereas the incredible Billie Holiday created a cultural reset by recording
``Strange Fruit'', originally a poem that depicted lynching in the
southern United States, which became the first protest song of the civil
rights era;
Whereas the talented jazz artist Duke Ellington pushed boundaries with his hits
``It Don't Mean a Thing if It Ain't Got That Swing'' and ``Sophisticated
Lady'' and received 13 Grammy Awards and the Presidential Gold Medal;
Whereas Sister Rosetta Tharpe, known as the ``Godmother of Rock 'n' Roll'',
combined her distinctive guitar style with melodic blues and traditional
gospel music that influenced the likes of Aretha Franklin and Chuck
Berry;
Whereas Tina Turner, known as the ``Queen of Rock 'n' Roll'', stunned audiences
with her powerful vocals, was the first woman or Black musician to be
featured on the cover of Rolling Stone, and received 12 Grammy Awards
during her lifetime;
Whereas trailblazer Florence Price was the first noted Black female composer to
gain national status and the first Black woman to have her composed work
performed by a major national symphony orchestra;
Whereas the classical singer Marian Anderson broke down racial barriers by
performing at the Lincoln Memorial in 1939 after being denied the
opportunity to sing in front of an integrated audience at the Daughters
of the American Revolution Constitution Hall in Washington, DC;
Whereas country music singer Charley Pride was inducted into the Country Music
Hall of Fame in 2000 and has had more than 40 hits reach number 1 on the
country charts;
Whereas Nina Simone, one of the most prominent and extraordinary soul singers,
has music spanning more than 4 decades that impacted generations with
detailed story-telling;
Whereas musician Bobby McFerrin brought joy to audiences everywhere with his
smash hit ``Don't Worry Be Happy'';
Whereas famous saxophone player John Coltrane made his impact on genres like
bebop, jazz, and rhythm and blues through his work such as ``A Love
Supreme'';
Whereas David Jolicoeur, also known as Trugoy the Dove, was a founding member of
hip-hop groups De La Soul and Native Tongues and used his passion for
rap music to spread positive messages within his community;
Whereas musical force Marvin Gaye used his versatility as an artist to produce
hits like ``I Heard It Through the Grapevine'' and ``Ain't No Mountain
High Enough'';
Whereas Sylvia Robinson, a New Jersey native, was an American singer, record
producer, and founder of Sugar Hill Records and is widely credited with
launching the hip-hop genre internationally;
Whereas New Jersey resident Q-Tip, also known as Kamaal Fareed, along with his
fellow members of A Tribe Called Quest--Phife Dawg, Jarobi White, and
Ali Shaheed Muhammad--helped define uplifting and conscious hip-hop;
Whereas Camden, New Jersey native Leon Huff and his longtime partner Kenny
Gamble are Grammy-winning songwriters and producers, who founded
Philadelphia International Records and produced over 170 gold and
platinum records for artists such as Billy Paul, Lou Rawls, The O'Jays,
Patti LaBelle, and Phyllis Hyman;
Whereas Black Music Month was established 46 years ago by songwriter and
producer Kenny Gamble, broadcaster Dyana Williams, and radio executive
Ed Wright under the auspices of the Black Music Association;
Whereas a recent study by the National Arts Education Data Project found that 49
percent of all students attending schools with a predominately African-
American student population do not participate in school music programs;
Whereas Black students scored the lowest of all ethnicities in the most recent
National Assessment for Educational Progress arts assessment;
Whereas Black students often receive a music education that does not reflect
their own culture;
Whereas students who are eligible for the school lunch program established under
the Richard B. Russell National School Lunch Act (42 U.S.C. 1751 et
seq.) have significantly lower scores on the music portion of the
National Assessment for Educational Progress arts assessment than
students who are ineligible for that program, which suggests that
students in low-income families are disadvantaged in the subject of
music;
Whereas a study found that--
(1) nearly \2/3\ of music ensemble students were White and middle
class, and only 15 percent of those students were Black; and
(2) only 7 percent of music teacher licensure candidates were Black;
and
Whereas students of color face many barriers to accessing music education and
training, especially students in large urban public schools: Now,
therefore, be it
Resolved, That the Senate--
(1) recognizes--
(A) the contributions of Black people to the
musical heritage of the United States;
(B) the wide array of talented and popular Black
musical artists, composers, songwriters, and musicians
who are underrecognized for contributions to music;
(C) the achievements, talent, and hard work of
Black pioneer artists and the obstacles that those
artists overcame to gain recognition;
(D) the need for Black students to have greater
access to, and participation in, culturally relevant
music programs in schools across the United States; and
(E) Black History Month and Black Music Month as an
important time--
(i) to celebrate the impact of the Black
musical heritage on the musical heritage of the
United States; and
(ii) to encourage greater access to music
education so that the next generation may
continue to greatly contribute to the musical
heritage of the United States; and
(2) designates June 2025 as ``Black Music Month''.
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