[Congressional Bills 118th Congress]
[From the U.S. Government Publishing Office]
[S. 4664 Reported in Senate (RS)]
<DOC>
Calendar No. 631
118th CONGRESS
2d Session
S. 4664
To require the Secretary of Energy to establish a program to promote
the use of artificial intelligence to support the missions of the
Department of Energy, and for other purposes.
_______________________________________________________________________
IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES
July 10, 2024
Mr. Manchin (for himself and Ms. Murkowski) introduced the following
bill; which was read twice and referred to the Committee on Energy and
Natural Resources
November 21, 2024
Reported by Mr. Manchin, with an amendment
[Strike out all after the enacting clause and insert the part printed
in italic]
_______________________________________________________________________
A BILL
To require the Secretary of Energy to establish a program to promote
the use of artificial intelligence to support the missions of the
Department of Energy, and for other purposes.
Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the
United States of America in Congress assembled,
<DELETED>SECTION 1. SHORT TITLE.</DELETED>
<DELETED> This Act may be cited as the ``Department of Energy AI
Act''.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 2. FINDINGS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> Congress finds that--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) the Department has a leading role to play in
making the most of the potential of artificial intelligence to
advance the missions of the Department relating to national
security, science, and energy (including critical
materials);</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) the 17 National Laboratories employ over
40,000 scientists, engineers, and researchers with decades of
experience developing world-leading advanced computational
algorithms, computer science research, experimentation, and
applications in machine learning that underlie artificial
intelligence;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) the NNSA manages the Stockpile Stewardship
Program established under section 4201 of the Atomic Energy
Defense Act (50 U.S.C. 2521), which includes the Advanced
Simulation and Computing program, that provides critical
classified and unclassified computing capabilities to sustain
the nuclear stockpile of the United States;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) for decades, the Department has led the world
in the design, construction, and operation of the preeminent
high-performance computing systems of the United States, which
benefit the scientific and economic competitiveness of the
United States across many sectors, including energy, critical
materials, biotechnology, and national security;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (5) across the network of 34 user facilities of
the Department, scientists generate tremendous volumes of high-
quality open data across diverse research areas, while the NNSA
has always generated the foremost datasets in the world on
nuclear deterrence and strategic weapons;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (6) the unrivaled quantity and quality of open and
classified scientific datasets of the Department is a unique
asset to rapidly develop frontier AI models;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (7) the Department already develops cutting-edge
AI models to execute the broad mission of the Department,
including AI models of the Department that are used to forecast
disease transmission for COVID-19, and address critical
material issues and emerging nuclear security
missions;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (8) the AI capabilities of the Department will
underpin and jumpstart a dedicated, focused, and centralized AI
program; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (9) under section 4.1(b) of Executive Order 14110
(88 Fed. Reg. 75191 (November 1, 2023)) (relating to the safe,
secure, and trustworthy development and use of artificial
intelligence), the Secretary is tasked to lead development in
testbeds, national security protections, and assessment of
artificial intelligence applications.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 3. DEFINITIONS.</DELETED>
<DELETED> In this Act:</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) AI; artificial intelligence.--The terms ``AI''
and ``artificial intelligence'' have the meaning given the term
``artificial intelligence'' in section 5002 of the National
Artificial Intelligence Initiative Act of 2020 (15 U.S.C.
9401).</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) Alignment.--The term ``alignment'' means a
field of AI safety research that aims to make AI systems behave
in line with human intentions.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) Department.--The term ``Department'' means the
Department of Energy, including the NNSA.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (4) Foundation model.--The term ``foundation
model'' means an AI model that--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) is trained on broad data;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) generally uses self-
supervision;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (C) contains at least tens of billions of
parameters; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (D) is applicable across a wide range of
contexts; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (E) exhibits, or could be easily modified
to exhibit, high levels of performance at tasks that
pose a serious risk to the security, national economic
security, or national public health or safety of the
United States.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (5) Frontier ai.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) In general.--The term ``frontier AI''
means the leading edge of AI research that remains
unexplored and is considered to be the most
challenging, including models--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (i) that exceed the capabilities
currently present in the most advanced existing
models; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (ii) many of which perform a wide
variety of tasks.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) Inclusion.--The term ``frontier AI''
includes AI models with more than 1,000,000,000,000
parameters.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (6) National laboratory.--The term ``National
Laboratory'' has the meaning given the term in section 2 of the
Energy Policy Act of 2005 (42 U.S.C. 15801).</DELETED>
<DELETED> (7) NNSA.--The term ``NNSA'' means the National
Nuclear Security Administration.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (8) Secretary.--The term ``Secretary'' means the
Secretary of Energy.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (9) Testbed.--The term ``testbed'' means any
platform, facility, or environment that enables the testing and
evaluation of scientific theories and new technologies,
including hardware, software, or field environments in which
structured frameworks can be implemented to conduct tests to
assess the performance, reliability, safety, and security of a
wide range of items, including prototypes, systems,
applications, AI models, instruments, computational tools,
devices, and other technological innovations.</DELETED>
<DELETED>SEC. 4. ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE RESEARCH TO
DEPLOYMENT.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (a) Program To Develop and Deploy Frontiers in Artificial
Intelligence for Science, Security, and Technology (FASST).--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (1) Establishment.--Not later than 180 days after
the date of enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall
establish a centralized AI program to carry out research on the
development and deployment of advanced artificial intelligence
capabilities for the missions of the Department (referred to in
this subsection as the ``program''), consistent with the
program established under section 5501 of the William M. (Mac)
Thornberry National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year
2021 (15 U.S.C. 9461).</DELETED>
<DELETED> (2) Program components.--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (A) In general.--The program shall advance
and support diverse activities that include the
following components:</DELETED>
<DELETED> (i) Aggregation, curation, and
distribution of AI training datasets.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (ii) Development and deployment of
next-generation computing platforms and
infrastructure.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (iii) Development and deployment
of safe and trustworthy AI models and
systems.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (iv) Tuning and adaptation of AI
models and systems for pressing scientific,
energy, and national security
applications.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (B) Aggregation, curation, and
distribution of ai training datasets.--In carrying out
the component of the program described in subparagraph
(A)(i), the Secretary shall develop methods, platforms,
protocols, and other tools required for efficient,
safe, and effective aggregation, generation, curation,
and distribution of AI training datasets, including--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> (i) assembling, aggregating, and
curating large-scale training data for advanced
AI, including outputs from research programs of
the Department and other open science data,
with the goal of developing comprehensive
scientific AI training databases and testing
and validation data;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (ii) developing and executing
appropriate data management plan for the
ethical, responsible, and secure use of
classified and unclassified scientific
data;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (iii) identifying, curating, and
safely distributing, as appropriate based on
the application--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (I) scientific and
experimental Departmental datasets;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (II) sponsored research
activities that are needed for the
training of foundation and adapted
downstream AI models; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (iv) partnering with stakeholders
to curate critical datasets that reside outside
the Department but are determined to be
critical to optimizing the capabilities of
open-science AI foundation models, national
security AI foundation models, and other AI
technologies developed under the
program.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (C) Development and deployment of next-
generation computing platforms and infrastructure.--In
carrying out the component of the program described in
subparagraph (A)(ii), the Secretary shall--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (i) develop early-stage AI
testbeds to test and evaluate new software,
hardware, algorithms, and other AI-based
technologies and applications;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (ii) develop and deploy new
energy-efficient AI computing hardware and
software infrastructure necessary for
developing and deploying trustworthy frontier
AI systems that leverage the high-performance
computing capabilities of the Department and
the National Laboratories;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (iii) facilitate the development
and deployment of unclassified and classified
high-performance computing systems and AI
platforms through Department-owned
infrastructure data and computing
facilities;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (iv) procure high-performance
computing and other resources necessary for
developing, training, evaluating, and deploying
AI foundation models and AI technologies;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (v) use appropriate supplier
screening tools available through the
Department to ensure that procurements under
clause (iv) are from trusted
suppliers.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (D) Development and deployment of safe and
trustworthy ai models and systems.--In carrying out the
component of the program described in subparagraph
(A)(iii), not later than 3 years after the date of
enactment of this Act, the Secretary shall--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (i) develop innovative concepts
and applied mathematics, computer science,
engineering, and other science disciplines
needed for frontier AI;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (ii) develop best-in-class AI
foundation models and other AI technologies for
open-science and national security
applications;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (iii) research and deploy counter-
adversarial artificial intelligence solutions
to predict, prevent, mitigate, and respond to
threats to critical infrastructure, energy
security, and nuclear nonproliferation, and
biological and chemical threats;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (iv) establish crosscutting
research efforts on AI risks, reliability,
safety, trustworthiness, and alignment,
including the creation of unclassified and
classified data platforms across the
Department; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (v) develop capabilities needed to
ensure the safe and responsible implementation
of AI in the private and public sectors that--
</DELETED>
<DELETED> (I) may be readily applied
across Federal agencies and private
entities to ensure that open-science
models are released responsibly,
securely, and in the national interest;
and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (II) ensure that
classified national security models are
secure, responsibly managed, and safely
implemented in the national
interest.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (E) Tuning and adaptation of ai models and
systems for pressing scientific and national security
applications.--In carrying out the component of the
program described in subparagraph (A)(iv), the
Secretary shall--</DELETED>
<DELETED> (i) use AI foundation models and
other AI technologies to develop a multitude of
tuned and adapted downstream models to solve
pressing scientific, energy, and national
security challenges;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (ii) carry out joint work,
including public-private partnerships, and
cooperative research projects with industry,
including end user companies, hardware systems
vendors, and AI software companies, to advance
AI technologies relevant to the missions of the
Department;</DELETED>
<DELETED> (iii) form partnerships with other
Federal agencies, institutions of higher
education, and international organizations
aligned with the interests of the United States
to advance frontier AI systems development and
deployment; and</DELETED>
<DELETED> (iv) increase research experiences
and workforce development, including training
for undergraduate and graduate students in
frontier AI for science, energy, and national
security.</DELETED>
<DELETED> (3) Strategic plan.--In carrying out the program,
the Secretary shall develop a strategic plan with specific
short-term and long-term goals and resource needs to advance
applications in AI for science, energy, and national security
to support the