H.B. No. 5219 mandates the Texas Water Development Board (referred to as "the board") to conduct a comprehensive study of water resources in counties within Regional Water Planning Area M. The study will encompass various aspects of groundwater, including current conditions, projected production effects, and the establishment of a framework for data analysis to aid policymakers. Additionally, it aims to develop predictive models for resource allocation, identify methods to prevent fraudulent transactions in water management, assess funding mechanisms, and evaluate existing state-funded programs for their effectiveness. The board is also tasked with improving public access to water resource data through standardized reporting mechanisms.

The board is required to complete the study and submit a report of its findings to the relevant legislative committees by September 1, 2026, and make the report publicly available. The act is set to expire on September 1, 2027, and will take effect immediately if it receives a two-thirds majority vote in both houses; otherwise, it will take effect on September 1, 2025.