H.B. No. 5219 mandates the Texas Water Development Board (referred to as "the board") to conduct a comprehensive study of water resources in the counties within Regional Water Planning Area M. The study will encompass various aspects of groundwater, including current conditions, projected production effects, and the development of predictive models to enhance resource allocation and policy decisions. Additionally, it aims to identify potential fraudulent activities in financial processes related to water management and assess the effectiveness of existing funding mechanisms and conservation programs. The board is also tasked with improving public access to water resource data through standardized reporting mechanisms.

The board is required to complete the study and submit a report of its findings to the relevant legislative committees by September 1, 2026, with copies made available to the public. The act is set to expire on September 1, 2027, and will take effect immediately if it receives a two-thirds majority vote in both houses; otherwise, it will take effect on September 1, 2025.