H.B. No. 5130 proposes amendments to the compensation structure for judges and justices in Texas, specifically addressing the additional compensation certain counties provide for extrajudicial services. The bill establishes that district court judges and business court judges are entitled to a minimum annual base salary of $140,000, with a cap on their combined salary from state and county sources set at $1,000 less than the maximum combined salary for a court of appeals justice. Similar adjustments are made for justices of the court of appeals and the supreme court, with specific percentages of the district judge's salary outlined for each position. The bill also introduces a provision for judges serving as local administrative district judges in counties with more than five district courts, allowing them an additional $5,000 in state salary.

Furthermore, the bill includes a new provision that allows judges of the division of a business court to receive additional compensation from the state equivalent to the maximum amount a district judge may be paid by a county. The changes will take effect starting September 1, 2025, and the comptroller will be responsible for ensuring compliance with the new salary limitations. The bill aims to clarify and enhance the compensation framework for judges while maintaining oversight on salary limits from state and county sources.