H.B. No. 3166 introduces a new chapter, Chapter 53, to the Code of Criminal Procedure, which outlines the authority of courts to grant commutations of punishment for certain inmates serving prison sentences. The bill specifies that it does not apply to inmates convicted of specific offenses listed in Article 42A.054(a) or those with affirmative findings under Article 42A.054(c) or (d). It establishes a process for the attorney representing the state to file a motion for commutation, which must be assigned to a district court in the county of conviction. The court is granted the discretion to consider various factors, such as the inmate's disciplinary record and rehabilitation efforts, when deciding on the motion. Notably, the court may reduce a sentence to less than the statutory minimum, including time served, but cannot increase a sentence.

Additionally, the bill amends Article 56A.051 to enhance victims' rights within the criminal justice system. It introduces a new right for victims to be informed of any motion to grant a commutation and any related hearings or orders. If a victim opposes a commutation motion, the attorney representing the state is required to inform the court of the victim's objections. The act is set to take effect on January 1, 2026, contingent upon the approval of a constitutional amendment by voters that would authorize such commutations.