H.B. No. 1420 is a legislative bill that mandates the Health and Human Services Commission to conduct a study on nurse-to-patient ratios specifically for critical care patients in health care facilities. The bill defines key terms such as "Commission," "Critical care," and "Direct care registered nurse." The study aims to evaluate the outcomes and effectiveness of limiting the number of critical care patients assigned to a direct care registered nurse at any given time. The commission is required to collaborate with the United States Department of Health and Human Services and submit a written report with findings and recommendations to the governor and legislature by December 1, 2026. Additionally, the report must be made available on the commission's website.

The bill also includes a provision for its expiration on September 1, 2027, and specifies that it will take effect immediately if it receives a two-thirds vote from all elected members in both houses. If the necessary vote is not achieved, the bill will take effect on September 1, 2025.