House Bill No. 773 introduces a new chapter to the Code of Criminal Procedure, specifically Chapter 53, which outlines the process for judicial commutation of punishment for certain inmates. The bill applies to inmates who are either 50 years of age or older with at least 15 years served for a felony, or those aged 35 to 49 with at least 20 years served. However, it excludes inmates serving sentences for capital felonies or specific serious offenses. The bill establishes a procedure for the attorney representing the state to file a motion for commutation, which must include various details about the inmate's case and reasons for the request. The court is required to appoint counsel for the inmate and hold a hearing to consider the motion, with specific timelines for decision-making.

The bill also sets forth criteria for the court's decision, emphasizing that an inmate aged 50 or older is presumed suitable for release unless proven otherwise. The court must consider various factors, including the inmate's age at the time of the offense, behavior while imprisoned, and any evidence of rehabilitation. If the motion is granted, the court can reduce the sentence to time served or adjust it as necessary for a transition plan. Additionally, the bill mandates data collection on the motions filed and their outcomes, ensuring transparency and accountability in the commutation process. The act is set to take effect on January 1, 2026, contingent upon voter approval of a related constitutional amendment.