House Bill 1539 aims to regulate the use and possession of nitrous oxide, commonly known as "laughing gas," and amyl nitrite, referred to as "poppers" or "snappers." The bill establishes that knowingly inhaling, ingesting, using, or possessing these substances is a Class A misdemeanor, with the possibility of requiring offenders to participate in a drug rehabilitation program as a condition of probation. However, there are exceptions to this rule, allowing for the possession and use of nitrous oxide when prescribed by a licensed medical or dental practitioner, during manufacturing processes by individuals over 21, for food preparation, or for automotive purposes by individuals over 21. Additionally, the presence of flavoring in these substances creates a rebuttable presumption against these exceptions.

The bill also addresses the production and sale of nitrous oxide, making it an offense for any person or entity to produce, manufacture, possess, buy, sell, or transfer these substances in violation of the established regulations. Businesses found in violation will face penalties, including a 30-day suspension of their operating certificate, permit, or license for the first offense, and revocation upon a second violation. This legislation is set to take effect on July 1, 2026.