The bill S. 300 aims to amend the South Carolina Code of Laws by introducing Article 2 to Chapter 31, Title 23, which mandates national instant criminal background checks for all sales, exchanges, or transfers of firearms within the state. This includes specific provisions for gun shows, where vendors must conduct background checks through licensed dealers present at the event. The bill also stipulates that records generated from these transactions are exempt from public disclosure under the Freedom of Information Act, and establishes penalties for violations of the article, classifying them as misdemeanors with fines up to $1,000 or imprisonment for up to one year.

Additionally, the bill outlines definitions for terms such as "antique firearm," "firearm," and "firearm frame or receiver," and specifies that licensed dealers must maintain transaction records for inspection by law enforcement. It allows dealers to charge a fee of up to $25 for conducting background checks. The legislation is designed to enhance firearm safety and accountability in South Carolina, ensuring that all firearm transactions comply with federal and state laws regarding background checks. The act will take effect upon approval by the Governor.