(A145, R160, H4642)
AN ACT TO AMEND THE SOUTH CAROLINA CODE OF LAWS BY AMENDING SECTION 25-1-20, RELATING TO THE ACCEPTANCE OF ACT OF CONGRESS, SO AS TO DISALLOW CONFLICTS; BY AMENDING SECTION 25-1-40, RELATING TO THE APPLICABILITY OF THE UNIFORM CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE, SO AS TO REMOVE PROVISIONS; BY AMENDING SECTION 25-1-2420, RELATING TO THE MILITARY CODE DEFINITIONS, SO AS TO REVISE THE DEFINITION OF "MILITARY FORCES"; BY AMENDING SECTION 25-1-2430, RELATING TO PERSONS SUBJECT TO CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE, SO AS TO PROVIDE FOR WHAT JURISDICTION DUTY STATUS INCLUDES; BY AMENDING SECTION 25-1-2520, RELATING TO NONJUDICIAL DISCIPLINARY PUNISHMENT, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT A CERTAIN DELEGATION MAY BE MADE; BY AMENDING SECTION 25-1-2530, RELATING TO TYPES OF COURTS-MARTIAL, SO AS TO PROVIDE FOR WHOM A SPECIAL COURT-MARTIAL CONSISTS; BY AMENDING SECTION 25-1-2550, RELATING TO THE JURISDICTION OF GENERAL COURTS-MARTIAL, SO AS TO REMOVE FORFEITURE OF PAY; BY AMENDING SECTION 25-1-2560, RELATING TO THE JURISDICTION OF SPECIAL COURTS-MARTIAL, SO AS TO REMOVE FORFEITURE OF PAY; BY AMENDING SECTION 25-1-2570, RELATING TO THE JURISDICTION OF SUMMARY COURTS-MARTIAL, SO AS TO PROVIDE FOR PUNISHMENTS; BY AMENDING SECTION 25-1-2620, RELATING TO DETAIL AND DESIGNATION OF MILITARY JUDGES, SO AS TO PROVIDE THE AUTHORITY CONVENING A SUMMARY COURT-MARTIAL; BY AMENDING SECTION 25-1-2765, RELATING TO VOTING AND RULINGS, SO AS TO REMOVE CERTAIN REFERENCES TO THE PRESIDENT OF A COURT MARTIAL; BY AMENDING SECTION 25-1-2780, RELATING TO RECORD OF TRIAL, SO AS TO INCLUDE THE ADJUTANT GENERAL; BY AMENDING SECTION 25-1-2795, RELATING TO FORFEITURE OF PAY, SO AS TO REMOVE THE SENTENCE OF FORFEITURE OF PAY; BY AMENDING SECTION 25-1-2805, RELATING TO THE REDUCTION IN PAY GRADE AND THE RESTORATION OF BENEFITS, SO AS TO INCLUDE THE ADJUTANT GENERAL; BY AMENDING SECTION 25-1-2865, RELATING TO THE REMISSION OR SUSPENSION OF A SENTENCE, SO AS TO REPLACE FORFEITURES WITH FINES; BY AMENDING SECTION 25-1-2985, RELATING TO THE IMPROPER USE OR DISCLOSURE OF PAROLE OR COUNTERSIGN, SO AS TO INCLUDE WHEN THE USE OF MILITARY FORCE HAS BEEN AUTHORIZED BY CERTAIN INDIVIDUALS; BY AMENDING SECTION 25-1-3140, RELATING TO WRIT WHEN FINE HAS NOT BEEN PAID, SO AS TO UPDATE DATES; BY AMENDING SECTION 25-1-3145, RELATING TO WRIT OF SENTENCE OF CONFINEMENT, SO AS TO UPDATE DATES; AND BY AMENDING SECTION 25-1-3160, RELATING TO CONSTRUCTION OF CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE, SO AS TO PROVIDE THAT THE UNIFORM CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE IS NOT BINDING ON THE SOUTH CAROLINA CODE OF MILITARY JUSTICE.
Be it enacted by the General Assembly of the State of South Carolina:
Acceptance of Act of Congress
SECTION 1. Section 25-1-20 of the S.C. Code is amended to read:
Section 25-1-20. The act of Congress approved June 3, 1916, entitled "An Act Making Further and More Effectual Provisions for the National Defense and for Other Purposes" and all acts presently amendatory thereto, the future amendatory acts thereof being subject to the approval of the State legislature, is hereby accepted by this State and the provisions of said act and amendments thereto are made a part of the military code so far as applicable and not in conflict with a rule or regulation established in or pursuant to this code. (Ref: Titles 32 & 10, United States Code).
Removal of Applicability of Uniform Code of Military Justice
SECTION 2. Section 25-1-40 of the S.C. Code is amended to read:
Section 25-1-40. Reserved.
Military forces definition
SECTION 3. Section 25-1-2420 9. of the S.C. Code is amended to read:
9. "Military forces" means the National Guard of the State, as defined in Section 25-1-10, persons attached or assigned to state units, the state guard, and any other person ordered to serve or train as a member of the state's militia under the laws of this State;
Jurisdiction duty status
SECTION 4. Section 25-1-2430 of the S.C. Code is amended to read:
Section 25-1-2430. The Code of Military Justice applies to all members of the military forces whether located within or without the territorial boundaries of the State of South Carolina while in an authorized duty status or during a period of time in which he was under lawful orders to be in a duty status, including such time as he was traveling to and from such duty. For purposes of military justice, jurisdiction duty status includes the entire day including any portion of which the individual is under lawful orders or in a duty status or when performing, or failing to perform, any act required pursuant to his membership in the state's military forces. All members of the military forces are subject to this code while physically located on state or federal property even though not on authorized duty status.
Forfeiture of pay
SECTION 5. Section 25-1-2520 of the S.C. Code is amended to read:
Section 25-1-2520. 1. Under regulations that the Adjutant General may prescribe, limitations may be placed on the powers granted by this section with respect to the kind and amount of punishment authorized, the categories of general officers or commanders authorized to exercise those powers, the applicability of this section to an accused who demands trial by court-martial, and the kinds of courts-martial to which the case may be referred upon a demand. However, punishment may not be imposed upon a member of the military forces under this section if the member has, before the imposition of punishment, demanded trial by court-martial in lieu of punishment. Under similar regulations, rules may be prescribed with respect to the suspension of punishments authorized pursuant to this section. A colonel or general officer may delegate his nonjudicial punishment authority to an individual within his authority, who is no more than two grades inferior in rank, so long as the adjudged sentence is not executed until the delegating commander has approved the procedure and sentence.
2. Subject to subsection 1 of this section, any commander may, in addition to or in lieu of admonition or reprimand, impose one or more of the following disciplinary punishments for minor offenses without the intervention of a court-martial:
(A) upon officers of his command:
(1) restriction to certain specified limits, with or without suspension from duty, for not more than fifteen days;
(2) if imposed by the Governor, the Adjutant General, or an officer of a general rank in command:
(a) arrest in quarters for not more than fifteen days;
(b) a fine of not more than the equivalent of seven days' pay;
(B) upon other military personnel of his command:
(1) a fine of not more than the equivalent of two days' pay;
(2) reduction to the next inferior pay grade, if the grade from which demoted is within the promotion authority of the officer imposing the reduction or any officer subordinate to the one who imposes the reduction;
(3) extra duties, including fatigue or other duties, for not more than fourteen days;
(4) restriction to certain specified limits, with or without suspension from duty, for not more than fourteen days;
(5) if imposed by an officer of the grade of major, or above:
(a) a fine of not more than the equivalent of four days' pay;
(b) reduction to the lowest or any intermediate pay grade, if the grade from which demoted is within the promotion authority of the officer imposing the reduction or any officer subordinate to the one who imposes the reduction, but an enlisted member in a pay grade above E-4 may not be reduced more than two pay grades;
(c) the punishment authorized under subitem (3) of item (B) of subsection 2 of this section;
(d) the punishment authorized under subitem (4) of item (B) of subsection 2 of this section.
No two or more of the punishments of arrest in quarters, extra duties, and restriction may be combined to run consecutively in the maximum amount possible for each. Whenever any of those punishments are combined to run consecutively, there must be an apportionment.
3. An officer in charge may impose upon enlisted members assigned to the unit of which he is in charge such of the punishments authorized under subitems (1) through (3) of item (B) of subsection 2 of this section as the Governor may specifically prescribe by regulation.
4. The officer who imposes the punishment authorized in subsection 2 of this section, or his successors in command, may at any time, suspend probationally a reduction in grade or a fine imposed under subsection 2 of this section, whether or not executed. In addition, he may at any time remit or mitigate any part or amount of the unexecuted punishment and may set aside in whole or in part the punishment, whether executed or unexecuted, and restore all rights, privileges, and property affected. He may also mitigate reduction in grade to a fine. When mitigating:
(a) arrest in quarters to restriction;
(b) extra duties to restriction;
the mitigated punishment may not be for a greater period than the punishment mitigated. When mitigating reduction in grade to a fine, the amount of the fine may not be greater than the amount that could have been imposed initially under this section by the officer who imposed the punishment mitigated.
5. A person punished under this section who considers his punishment unjust or disproportionate to the offense may, through proper channel, appeal to the next superior authority. The appeal must be promptly forwarded and decided, and in the meantime the punishment adjudged must be suspended. The superior authority may exercise the same powers with respect to the punishment imposed as may be exercised under subsection 4 of this section by the officer who imposed the punishment. The authority who is to act on the appeal shall refer the case to the state judge advocate or a judge advocate or legal officer within his command for consideration and advice. The decision of the superior authority
is final.
6. The imposition and enforcement of disciplinary punishment under this section for any act or omission is not a bar to trial by court-martial for a serious crime or offense growing out of the same act or omission, and not properly punishable under this section; but the fact that a disciplinary punishment has been enforced may be shown by the accused upon trial, and when so shown shall be considered in determining the measure of punishment to be adjudged in the event of a finding of guilty.
7. The Adjutant General may, by regulation, prescribe the form of records to be kept of proceedings under this section and may also prescribe that certain categories of those proceedings shall be in writing.
Special court-martial
SECTION 6. Section 25-1-2530 of the S.C. Code is amended to read:
Section 25-1-2530. There may be three types of courts-martial in the state military forces:
1. general court-martial, consisting of:
(a) a military judge and not less than five members; or
(b) only a military judge if, before the court is assembled, the accused, knowing the identity of the military judge, and after consultation with defense counsel, requests in writing a court composed only of a military judge, and the military judge approves;
2. special court-martial, consisting of:
(a) a military judge and not less than three members; or
(b) only a military judge, if one has been detailed to the court, and the accused under the same conditions as prescribed in item (b) of subsection 1 of this section so requests; and
3. summary court-martial, consisting of one officer, the state military judge, a judge advocate detailed to the court as the hearing officer, or a panel of three officers.
General court-martial
SECTION 7. Section 25-1-2550 of the S.C. Code is amended to read:
Section 25-1-2550. Subject to Section 25-1-2540, general courts-martial have jurisdiction to try persons subject to this code for an offense made punishable by the code. Under limitations the Governor may prescribe, or further limitations the Adjutant General may prescribe, a general court-martial may order any of the following:
(1) dismissal, or dishonorable or bad-conduct discharge;
(2) confinement of not more than ten years;
(3) a fine of not more than forty days' pay;
(4) reduction of enlisted personnel to the lowest pay grade;
(5) a reprimand;
(6) any combination of these punishments.
Punishments
SECTION 8. Section 25-1-2560 of the S.C. Code is amended to read:
Section 25-1-2560. 1. Subject to Section 25-1-2540, special courts-martial have jurisdiction to try persons subject to this code for an offense made punishable by the code. Under limitations the Governor may prescribe, or further limitations the Adjutant General may prescribe, a special court-martial may order any of the following punishments:
(1) bad-conduct discharge;
(2) confinement of not more than five years;
(3) a fine of not more than twenty days' pay;
(4) reduction of enlisted personnel to the lowest pay grade;
(5) a reprimand;
(6) any combination of these punishments.
2. A sentence which imposes a bad-conduct discharge or confinement may not be adjudged unless:
(a) a complete summary of the proceedings and testimony has been made by the military judge or the president of the court;
(b) counsel, having the qualifications prescribed under subsection 2 of Section 25-1-2630, was detailed to represent the accused;
(c) a military judge was detailed to the trial.
Summary court-martial
SECTION 9. Section 25-1-2570 of the S.C. Code is amended to read:
Section 25-1-2570. 1. Subject to Section 25-1-2540, summary courts-martial have jurisdiction to try persons subject to the code for an offense made punishable by the code. Under limitations the Governor or Adjutant General may prescribe, a summary court-martial consisting of a military judge, judge advocate, or an officer detailed as the hearing officer may order any of the following punishments:
(1) reduction of enlisted personnel by one pay grade, provided the grade of the accused is within the promotion authority of the convening authority;
(2) a fine of not more than five days' pay;
(3) imprisonment not to exceed fifteen days;
(4) any combination of these punishments.
A person to whom summary courts-martial have jurisdiction may not be brought to trial before a military judge, judge advocate, or an officer-only summary court-martial if he objects. If objection to
trial by a military judge, judge advocate, or an officer-only summary court-martial is made by an accused, trial must be ordered to proceed by panel summary court-martial as provided in subsection 2.
2. Subject to Section 25-1-2540, summary courts-martial have jurisdiction to try persons subject to the code, for an offense made punishable by the code. Under limitations the Governor or Adjutant General may prescribe, a summary court-martial consisting of a panel of three officers may order any of the following punishments:
(1) reduction of enlisted personnel by one pay grade, provided the grade of the accused is within the promotion authority of the convening authority;
(2) a fine of not more than ten days' pay;
(3) imprisonment not to exceed thirty days; or
(4) any combination of these punishments.
The senior officer presiding over the summary courts-martial has the exclusive authority to determine and order the punishments under this section, subject to the review of the convening authority.
No person subject to the Code of Military Justice has the right to decline a panel summary courts-martial under this code and demand trial by either a special or general court-martial.
3. A summary court-martial conviction is not considered a criminal conviction.
4. A summary court-martial conviction may be used as the basis for a future administrative separation, a bar to reenlistment, or other administrative actions.
Authority convening a summary court-martial
SECTION 10. Section 25-1-2620(1) of the S.C. Code is amended to read:
(1) The authority convening a general court-martial or a special court-martial shall detail a military judge to the court-martial. A military judge shall preside over each open session of the court-martial to which he has been detailed. The authority convening a summary court-martial may detail either a military judge, a judge advocate, or an officer to serve as the hearing officer or a panel of three officers.
Voting
SECTION 11. Section 25-1-2765 of the S.C. Code is amended to read:
Section 25-1-2765. Voting by members of a general or special court-martial on the findings and on the sentence must be by secret written ballot. The junior member of the court shall count the votes. The count must be checked by the president, who shall forthwith announce the result of the ballot to the members of the court and then the military judge.
The military judge shall rule upon all questions of law and all interlocutory questions, arising during the proceedings. Any ruling made by the military judge upon any question of law or any interlocutory question other than the factual issue of mental responsibility of the accused upon any question of law other than a motion for a finding of not guilty is final and constitutes the ruling of the court. However, the military judge may change his ruling at any time during the trial.
Before a vote is taken on the findings, the military judge shall, in the presence of the accused and counsel, instruct the members of the court as to the elements of the offense and charge them:
(1) that the accused must be presumed to be innocent until his guilt is established by legal and competent evidence beyond reasonable doubt;
(2) that in the case being considered, if there is a reasonable doubt as to the guilt of the accused, the doubt must be resolved in favor of the accused and he must be acquitted;
(3) that if there is a reasonable doubt as to the degree of guilt, the finding must be in a lower degree as to which there is no reasonable doubt;
(4) that the burden of proof of establishing the guilt of the accused beyond reasonable doubt is upon the State.
This section does not apply to a court-martial composed of a military judge only. The military judge of such a court-martial shall determine all questions of law and fact arising during the proceedings, and, if the accused is convicted, adjudge an appropriate sentence. The military judge of such a court-martial shall make a general finding and shall in addition on request find the facts specially. If an opinion or memorandum of decision is filed, it is sufficient if the findings of fact appear in it.
Record of proceedings
SECTION 12. Section 25-1-2780 of the S.C. Code is amended to read:
Section 25-1-2780. Each general court-martial shall keep a separate record of the proceedings in each case brought before it, and the record must be authenticated by the signature of the milita