The Rhode Island First Step Act introduces Chapter 19.4 into Title 12 of the General Laws, focusing on reducing sentences for certain inmates, particularly those who are elderly or terminally ill. The bill defines "eligible elderly inmate" and "eligible terminally ill inmate," establishing criteria based on age, time served, and behavior. It mandates that courts consider various factors, including the seriousness of the offense and the inmate's rehabilitation needs, when determining sentences. Additionally, the bill prohibits the shackling of pregnant female inmates and requires the provision of sanitary products at no cost. It allows for sentence modifications under specific circumstances and outlines notification requirements for inmates diagnosed with terminal illnesses, ensuring their legal representatives and family members are informed.

The legislation also emphasizes the importance of inmate reintegration into society by mandating the Department of Corrections to implement support programs. Key provisions include the establishment of mandatory functional literacy programs and English-as-a-second-language programs for non-English speaking inmates. The act requires pre-release planning that provides inmates with essential information regarding education, vocational training, and access to medical resources. It also addresses recidivism prevention by offering transitional services for up to one year post-release and introduces a program for the potential pre-release custody of eligible elderly and terminally ill inmates. Overall, the Rhode Island First Step Act aims to create a supportive environment for inmates transitioning back into society while ensuring public safety and reducing recidivism.