The Fairness in Women's Sports Act establishes regulations for the designation of athletic teams and sports in public institutions of higher education and public school entities in Pennsylvania. Under this act, all interscholastic, intercollegiate, intramural, or club athletic teams must be explicitly categorized as male, female, or coed based on the sex of the participants. Notably, teams designated for females cannot include students of the male sex. The act also clarifies that eligibility for participation in sports is not restricted based on these designations, ensuring that students can compete in teams aligned with their sex or in coed teams.

Additionally, the act provides legal protections for educational institutions against complaints or investigations related to maintaining separate teams for females. It creates causes of action for students who experience deprivation of athletic opportunities or retaliation for reporting violations of the act, allowing them to seek injunctive relief, damages, and attorney fees. Schools or institutions that face harm due to violations of the act can also pursue legal action against relevant entities. The act includes a two-year limitation for bringing civil actions and emphasizes the severability of its provisions, ensuring that if any part is deemed invalid, the remaining sections will still be enforceable.