The nonconsensual distribution of intimate images, also known as “image-based sexual abuse,” occurs when intimate or sexually explicit images are shared or posted without consent. This conduct causes lasting and devastating harm to victims’ mental health, safety, and livelihoods.
Research shows that 51% of victims reported suicidal thoughts and 27% reported attempting suicide. Peer-reviewed studies confirm that individuals whose intimate images are shared or threatened online are significantly more likely to experience suicidal ideation and suicide attempts than their peers.
Pennsylvania’s current law leaves many victims unprotected. It only applies if the perpetrator is a current or former intimate partner and acted with intent to harass, annoy, or alarm. These limits exclude the majority of cases, which are now often committed by strangers, acquaintances, or online actors who distribute images to humiliate, control, or profit from others.
To close these gaps, I will soon be introducing legislation that will:
- Remove the relationship requirement, ensuring accountability regardless of the perpetrator’s relationship to the victim.
- Expand the definition of intent to include knowing or reckless distribution without consent, not limited to harassment or annoyance.
- Establish a progressive penalty structure, creating differing levels of misdemeanors for both nonconsensual distribution without intent to harm and distribution done with malicious intent to cause harm.
This measured approach modernizes Pennsylvania’s statute, closes dangerous loopholes, and ensures accountability proportional to the offense. It brings our laws in line with today’s reality and provides meaningful protection for victims.
Amnesty International and UN Women identify nonconsensual image sharing as a form of gender-based violence that violates fundamental human rights, including the rights to privacy, dignity, and freedom from discrimination and violence.
Please join me in sponsoring this much-needed legislation.