PRINTER'S NO. 913
THE GENERAL ASSEMBLY OF PENNSYLVANIA
HOUSE BILL
No. 881
Session of
2025
INTRODUCED BY CONKLIN, BURGOS, NEILSON, GIRAL, HILL-EVANS,
KENYATTA AND PIELLI, MARCH 11, 2025
REFERRED TO COMMITTEE ON COMMERCE, MARCH 11, 2025
AN ACT
1 Amending the act of September 2, 1965 (P.L.490, No.249),
2 entitled "An act providing for the licensing and regulation
3 of the business of transmitting money or credit for a fee or
4 other consideration by the issuance of money orders, by the
5 sale of checks or by other methods; conferring powers and
6 duties upon the Department of Banking and Securities; and
7 imposing penalties," further providing for title of act and
8 for definitions; providing for short title; and further
9 providing for license required, for exemptions, for
10 qualifications for a license, for fee, financial statement
11 and security, for liability of licensees, for licensee
12 requirements and for agents.
13 The General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
14 hereby enacts as follows:
15 Section 1. The title of the act of September 2, 1965
16 (P.L.490, No.249), referred to as the Money Transmission
17 Business Licensing Law, is amended to read:
18 AN ACT
19 Providing for the licensing and regulation of the business of
20 transmitting money, virtual currency or credit for a fee or
21 other consideration by the issuance of money orders, by the
22 sale of checks or by other methods; conferring powers and
23 duties upon the Department of Banking and Securities; and
 1 imposing penalties.
2 Section 2. The definitions of "agent" and "transmittal
3 instrument" in section 1 of the act are amended and the section
4 is amended by adding a definition to read:
5 Section 1. Definitions.--Unless the context clearly
6 indicates otherwise, the following words when used in this act
7 shall have the following meanings:
8 "Agent" means any person that provides money transmission or
9 virtual currency transmission services on behalf of another
10 person.
11 * * *
12 "Transmittal instrument" means any check, draft, money order,
13 personal money order, debit card, stored value card, electronic
14 transfer or other method for the payment of money or virtual
15 currency or transmittal of credit or virtual currency, other
16 than a merchandise gift certificate or instrument with a similar
17 purpose sold in the regular course of business by a vendor of
18 personal property or services in a closed loop system or hybrid
19 closed loop system.
20 "Virtual currency" means as follows:
21 (1) The term includes a digital representation of value
22 that:
23 (i) Is used as a medium of exchange, unit of account or
24 store of value.
25 (ii) Is not money, unless the virtual currency was adopted
26 or authorized by a domestic or international government as a
27 medium of exchange, whether denominated in cash.
28 (2) The term does not include:
29 (i) A transaction in which a merchant grants, as part of an
30 affinity or rewards program, value that cannot be taken from or
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 1 exchanged with the merchant for money, bank credit or virtual
2 currency.
3 (ii) A digital representation of value issued by or on
4 behalf of a publisher and used solely within an online game,
5 game platform or family of games sold by the same publisher or
6 offered on the same game platform.
7 Section 3. The act is amended by adding a section to read:
8 Section 1.1. Short Title.--This act shall be known and may
9 be cited as the Money Transmission and Virtual Currency
10 Transmission Business Licensing Law.
11 Section 4. Sections 2, 3(1), 4(a)(1) and (c)(5) introductory
12 paragraph, 6 heading and (a)(2) and (3) and (b.1), 11(a),
13 11.1(1), (2), (3) and (4) and 12(b) and (c)(2), (3) and (6) of
14 the act are amended to read:
15 Section 2. License Required.--(a) No person shall [engage]:
16 (1) Engage in the business of transmitting money by means of
17 a transmittal instrument for a fee or other consideration with
18 or on behalf of an individual without first having obtained a
19 license from the department.
20 (2) Engage in the business of transmitting virtual currency
21 by means of a transmittal instrument for a fee or other
22 consideration with or on behalf of an individual without first
23 having obtained a license from the department.
24 (b) This act does not apply to money transmission or virtual
25 currency transmission between business entities in connection
26 with commercial contracts, unless the contracts involve money
27 transmission or virtual currency transmission for personal or
28 household purposes involving individuals.
29 Section 3. Exemptions.--No license shall be required for any
30 of the following:
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 1 (1) Banks, bank and trust companies, credit unions, savings
2 banks and [private banks] trust companies organized under the
3 laws of this Commonwealth; similar banking institutions
4 organized under the laws of the United States or of any other
5 state [which are insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance
6 Corporation]; similar credit unions organized under the laws of
7 the United States or another state[, and insured by the National
8 Credit Union Share Insurance Fund]; and savings and loan
9 associations and building and loan associations organized under
10 the laws of another state or of the United States; or their
11 affiliates or agents.
12 * * *
13 Section 4. Qualifications for a License.--(a) To qualify
14 for a license an applicant shall:
15 (1) have a tangible net worth of at least five hundred
16 thousand dollars ($500,000) as determined by audited financials
17 prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted
18 accounting principles; and
19 * * *
20 (c) The department may deny a license or otherwise restrict
21 a license if it finds that the applicant, or a director,
22 officer, partner, employee, agent or ultimate equitable owner of
23 ten percent or more of the applicant:
24 * * *
25 (5) does not possess the financial responsibility,
26 character, reputation, integrity and general fitness to command
27 confidence of the public to warrant the belief that the money
28 transmission or virtual currency transmission business will be
29 operated lawfully, honestly, fairly and within the legislative
30 intent of this act and in accordance with the general laws of
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 1 this Commonwealth. For purposes of this clause, an applicant is
2 not financially responsible if the applicant has shown a
3 disregard in the management of the applicant's own financial
4 condition. The factors that the department may consider in
5 making a determination regarding an applicant's financial
6 responsibility shall include:
7 * * *
8 Section 6. Fee, Financial Statement and Security Bond.--(a)
9 Each application for a license shall be accompanied by:
10 * * *
11 (2) a financial statement showing a tangible net worth of at
12 least five hundred thousand dollars ($500,000) as determined by
13 audited financials prepared in accordance with United States
14 generally accepted accounting principles;
15 (3) a bond in the penal sum of one million dollars
16 ($1,000,000) executed by a surety company authorized to transact
17 business within the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania [or securities
18 as provided in the following subsection]. The bond shall run to
19 the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and shall be for the use of the
20 Commonwealth and of any person or persons who may have a cause
21 of action against the licensee for failure to carry out the
22 terms of any transmittal instrument which the licensee shall
23 have issued and who were residents of the Commonwealth of
24 Pennsylvania at the time the cause of action arose. The
25 condition of the bond shall be that the licensee will comply
26 with and abide by the provisions of this act and the rules and
27 regulations of the department lawfully promulgated under this
28 act and that the licensee will pay to the Commonwealth, to the
29 department or to any other person any moneys that may become due
30 from the licensee to the Commonwealth or to the department or to
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 1 any other person under the provisions of this act or of any
2 transmittal instrument issued by the licensee within this
3 Commonwealth and who were residents of the Commonwealth of
4 Pennsylvania at the time the cause of action arose. If any
5 person shall be aggrieved by the misconduct of any licensee, he
6 may upon recovering judgment against such licensee, issue
7 execution under such judgment and maintain an action upon the
8 bond of the licensee in any court having jurisdiction of the
9 amount claimed, provided the department assents thereto.
10 (b.1) If the department, in its discretion, shall determine
11 the bond [or deposit of securities] provided for in clause (3)
12 of subsection (a) is not adequate, the department may, after an
13 examination and a consent agreement or order, require an
14 additional bond in an amount up to the average daily outstanding
15 balance of money received for transmission in this Commonwealth
16 during the thirty days preceding the department's requirement
17 plus an additional ten percent of the amount of the average
18 daily outstanding balance subject to the same conditions and the
19 same right of execution provided for in clause (3) of subsection
20 (a).
21 * * *
22 Section 11. Liability of Licensees.--(a) Every licensee
23 shall be liable for the payment of all moneys or virtual
24 currency covered by transmittal instruments which he issues in
25 this Commonwealth whether directly or through an agent and
26 whether as a maker or a drawer.
27 * * *
28 Section 11.1. Licensee Requirements.--A licensee shall:
29 (1) Operate in a safe and sound manner, ensuring that its
30 practices and the practices of its agents, if applicable, do not
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 1 create the likelihood of material loss, insolvency or
2 dissipation of assets, or otherwise materially prejudice the
3 interest of individuals who use the licensee's services to
4 transmit money or virtual currency.
5 (2) Comply with all applicable Federal or State laws and
6 rules pertaining to the business of money transmission[.] or
7 virtual currency transmission, including 12 U.S.C. Ch. 21
8 (relating to financial recordkeeping) and 31 U.S.C. Ch. 53
9 (relating to monetary transactions).
10 (3) Register all of its agents who engage in the business of
11 money transmission or virtual currency transmission involving
12 individuals who are located in this Commonwealth.
13 (4) On a date determined by the department, file a report
14 setting forth such information as the department shall require
15 concerning the money transmission or virtual currency
16 transmission business conducted by the licensee. Licensees who
17 fail to file the required report by the date required by the
18 department may be subject to a penalty of one hundred dollars
19 ($100) for each day after the due date until the report is
20 filed.
21 * * *
22 Section 12. Agents.--* * *
23 (b) An agent engaged in the business of money transmission
24 or virtual currency transmission under subsection (a) or subject
25 to an exemption under section 3 shall be appointed pursuant to a
26 written agreement between the agent and the person on whose
27 behalf the agent is acting.
28 (c) The written agreement shall contain at least the
29 following provisions:
30 * * *
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 1 (2) The agent is acting on behalf of the person employing
2 the agent's service for the transmission of money or virtual
3 currency.
4 (3) The agent is subject to the control of the person on
5 whose behalf the agent is acting, meaning that the licensee or
6 exempted person takes complete financial responsibility for the
7 money or virtual currency being transmitted from the moment an
8 individual initiates the transmission of money or virtual
9 currency until the intended recipient receives the transmitted
10 money or virtual currency.
11 * * *
12 (6) The agent may not provide money transmission or virtual
13 currency transmission outside the scope of activity permissible
14 under the written agreement between the agent and the person on
15 whose behalf the agent is acting except to the extent that the
16 agent is licensed itself or operating as an agent for another
17 person.
18 * * *
19 Section 5. This act shall take effect in 60 days.
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Statutes/Laws affected:
Printer's No. 0913: P.L.490, No.249