The Essential Services Development Act establishes a framework for state support of infrastructure projects that provide access to essential services such as internet, energy, water, and wastewater primarily for residential purposes. The Act defines key terms, including "essential services project," which refers to infrastructure projects aimed at enhancing access to these services. It mandates that public support for such projects must be specifically authorized by law, ensuring safeguards for public funds and resources. The local or regional governments seeking support must adopt a development plan detailing their goals, project types, eligibility criteria, and application processes, which must be made available to residents.

Additionally, the Act allows for the formation of joint powers agreements between municipalities and counties to create regional essential services development plans. It outlines the process for local or regional governments to accept applications for public support, review them, and approve eligible projects. Funds received from public support must be deposited into a special fund dedicated to essential services projects, with provisions for the return of unspent funds to the state treasury if a project is terminated. The Act also requires the establishment of project participation agreements to outline the terms of public support, including project timelines and performance reviews.