HOUSE BILL 175
56th legislature - STATE OF NEW MEXICO - second session, 2024
INTRODUCED BY
Marian Matthews and Tara Jaramillo and Meredith A. Dixon and Eleanor Ch vez and Reena Szczepanski
AN ACT
RELATING TO THE CHILDREN'S CODE; SPECIFYING TO WHOM AND UNDER WHAT CIRCUMSTANCES INFORMATION THAT IS HELD BY THE CHILDREN, YOUTH AND FAMILIES DEPARTMENT THAT PERTAINS TO CHILD ABUSE OR NEGLECT MAY BE SHARED; REQUIRING THAT INFORMATION BE PROVIDED ABOUT CHILD FATALITIES OR NEAR FATALITIES; PROTECTING PERSONAL IDENTIFIER INFORMATION OF DEPARTMENT CLIENTS; REQUIRING THE COURT'S WRITTEN ORDER WHEN EXCLUDING MEDIA FROM AN ABUSE OR NEGLECT PROCEEDING, WHICH IS APPEALABLE; REQUIRING REPORTS ON THE CHILDREN, YOUTH AND FAMILIES DEPARTMENT'S WEBSITE; PRESCRIBING A PENALTY.
BE IT ENACTED BY THE LEGISLATURE OF THE STATE OF NEW MEXICO:
SECTION 1. Section 32A-4-2 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1993, Chapter 77, Section 96, as amended) is amended to read:
"32A-4-2. DEFINITIONS.--As used in the Abuse and Neglect Act:
A. "abandonment" includes instances when the parent, without justifiable cause:
(1) left the child without provision for the child's identification for a period of fourteen days; or
(2) left the child with others, including the other parent or an agency, without provision for support and without communication for a period of:
(a) three months if the child was under six years of age at the commencement of the three-month period; or
(b) six months if the child was over six years of age at the commencement of the six-month period;
B. "abused child" means a child:
(1) who has suffered or who is at risk of suffering serious harm because of the action or inaction of the child's parent, guardian or custodian;
(2) who has suffered physical abuse, emotional abuse or psychological abuse inflicted or caused by the child's parent, guardian or custodian;
(3) who has suffered sexual abuse or sexual exploitation inflicted by the child's parent, guardian or custodian;
(4) whose parent, guardian or custodian has knowingly, intentionally or negligently placed the child in a situation that may endanger the child's life or health; or
(5) whose parent, guardian or custodian has knowingly or intentionally tortured, cruelly confined or cruelly punished the child;
C. "aggravated circumstances" includes those circumstances in which the parent, guardian or custodian has:
(1) attempted, conspired to cause or caused great bodily harm to the child or great bodily harm or death to the child's sibling;
(2) attempted, conspired to cause or caused great bodily harm or death to another parent, guardian or custodian of the child;
(3) attempted, conspired to subject or has subjected the child to torture, chronic abuse or sexual abuse; or
(4) had parental rights over a sibling of the child terminated involuntarily;
D. "educational decision maker" means an individual appointed by the children's court to attend school meetings and to make decisions about the child's education that a parent could make under law, including decisions about the child's educational setting, and the development and implementation of an individual education plan for the child;
E. "fictive kin" means a person not related by birth, adoption or marriage with whom a child has an emotionally significant relationship;
F. "great bodily harm" means an injury to a person that creates a high probability of death, that causes serious disfigurement or that results in permanent or protracted loss or impairment of the function of a member or organ of the body;
G. "neglected child" means a child:
(1) who has been abandoned by the child's parent, guardian or custodian;
(2) who is without proper parental care and control or subsistence, education, medical or other care or control necessary for the child's well-being because of the faults or habits of the child's parent, guardian or custodian or the failure or refusal of the parent, guardian or custodian, when able to do so, to provide them;
(3) who has been physically or sexually abused, when the child's parent, guardian or custodian knew or should have known of the abuse and failed to take reasonable steps to protect the child from further harm;
(4) whose parent, guardian or custodian is unable to discharge that person's responsibilities to and for the child because of incarceration, hospitalization or physical or mental disorder or incapacity; or
(5) who has been placed for care or adoption in violation of the law; provided that nothing in the Children's Code shall be construed to imply that a child who is being provided with treatment by spiritual means alone through prayer, in accordance with the tenets and practices of a recognized church or religious denomination, by a duly accredited practitioner thereof is for that reason alone a neglected child within the meaning of the Children's Code; and further provided that no child shall be denied the protection afforded to all children under the Children's Code;
H. "personal identifier information" means a person's:
(1) name; and
(2) contact information, including home or
business address, email address or phone number;
[H.] I. "physical abuse" includes any case in which the child suffers strangulation or suffocation and any case in which the child exhibits evidence of skin bruising, bleeding, malnutrition, failure to thrive, burns, fracture of any bone, subdural hematoma, soft tissue swelling or death and:
(1) there is not a justifiable explanation for the condition or death;
(2) the explanation given for the condition is at variance with the degree or nature of the condition;
(3) the explanation given for the death is at variance with the nature of the death; or
(4) circumstances indicate that the condition or death may not be the product of an accidental occurrence;
[I.] J. "relative" means a person related to another person by birth, adoption or marriage within the fifth degree of consanguinity;
[J.] K. "sexual abuse" includes criminal sexual contact, incest or criminal sexual penetration, as those acts are defined by state law;
[K.] L. "sexual exploitation" includes:
(1) allowing, permitting or encouraging a child to engage in prostitution;
(2) allowing, permitting, encouraging or engaging a child in obscene or pornographic photographing; or
(3) filming or depicting a child for obscene or pornographic commercial purposes, as those acts are defined by state law;
[L.] M. "sibling" means a brother or sister having one or both parents in common by birth or adoption;
[M.] N. "strangulation" has the same meaning as set forth in Section 30-3-11 NMSA 1978;
[N.] O. "suffocation" has the same meaning as set forth in Section 30-3-11 NMSA 1978; and
[O.] P. "transition plan" means an individualized written plan for a child, based on the unique needs of the child, that outlines all appropriate services to be provided to the child to increase independent living skills. The plan shall also include responsibilities of the child, and any other party as appropriate, to enable the child to be self-sufficient upon emancipation."
SECTION 2. Section 32A-4-20 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1993, Chapter 77, Section 114, as amended) is amended to read:
"32A-4-20. CONDUCT OF HEARINGS--FINDINGS--DISMISSAL--DISPOSITIONAL MATTERS--ORDER EXCLUDING MEDIA APPEALABLE--PENALTY.--
A. The proceedings shall be recorded by stenographic notes or by electronic, mechanical or other appropriate means. The court docket number is a public record.
B. [All] Abuse and neglect hearings shall be closed to the general public.
C. Only the parties, their counsel, witnesses and other persons approved by the court may be present at a closed hearing. The foster parent, preadoptive parent or relative providing care for the child shall be given notice and an opportunity to be heard at the dispositional phase. Those other persons the court finds to have a proper interest in the case or in the work of the court may be admitted by the court to closed hearings on the condition that they refrain from divulging any information that would identify the child or family involved in the proceedings.
D. Accredited representatives of the news media shall be allowed to be present at closed hearings, [subject to] on the condition that they refrain from divulging information that would identify [any] the child involved in the proceedings or the parent, guardian or custodian of that child and subject to enabling [regulations] rules as the court finds necessary for the maintenance of order and decorum and for the furtherance of the purposes of the Children's Code. A child who is the subject of an abuse and neglect proceeding and is present at a hearing may object to the presence of the media. The court may exclude the media if it finds that the presence of the media is contrary to the best interests of the child. The judge shall submit a written order explaining the reasons for excluding the media from a hearing.
E. If the court finds that it is in the best interest of a child under fourteen years of age, the child may be excluded from a hearing under the Abuse and Neglect Act. A child fourteen years of age or older may be excluded from a hearing only if the court makes a finding that there is a compelling reason to exclude the child and states the factual basis for the finding.
F. Those persons or parties granted admission to a closed hearing who intentionally divulge information in violation of this section are guilty of a petty misdemeanor.
G. The court shall determine if the allegations of the petition are admitted or denied. If the allegations are denied, the court shall proceed to hear evidence on the petition. The court, after hearing all of the evidence bearing on the allegations of neglect or abuse, shall make and record its findings on whether the child is a neglected child, an abused child or both. If the petition alleges that the parent, guardian or custodian has subjected the child to aggravated circumstances, then the court shall also make and record its findings on whether the aggravated circumstances have been proven.
H. If the court finds on the basis of a valid admission of the allegations of the petition or on the basis of clear and convincing evidence, competent, material and relevant in nature, that the child is neglected or abused, the court shall enter an order finding that the child is neglected or abused and may proceed immediately or at a postponed hearing to make disposition of the case. If the court does not find that the child is neglected or abused, the court shall dismiss the petition and may refer the family to the department for appropriate services.
I. A party aggrieved by an order entered pursuant to Subsection D or H of this section may file an immediate appeal to the court of appeals.
J. In that part of the hearings held under the Children's Code on dispositional issues, all relevant and material evidence helpful in determining the questions presented, including oral and written reports, may be received by the court and may be relied upon to the extent of its probative value even though not competent had it been offered during the part of the hearings on adjudicatory issues.
K. On the court's motion or that of a party, the court may continue the hearing on the petition for a period not to exceed thirty days to receive reports and other evidence in connection with disposition. The court shall continue the hearing pending the receipt of the predisposition study and report if that document has not been prepared and received. During any continuances under this subsection, the court shall make an appropriate order for legal custody."
SECTION 3. Section 32A-4-33 NMSA 1978 (being Laws 1993, Chapter 77, Section 127, as amended) is amended to read:<