The Fair Price Protection Act establishes regulations to prevent retail food stores and third-party grocery delivery platforms from engaging in surveillance-based price setting, which involves charging different prices to consumers for the same or similar products based on data collected through electronic surveillance technology. The bill defines key terms such as "bona fide discount," "consumer," and "surveillance data," and outlines exceptions where price differences are permissible, such as when based on reasonable costs or offered as discounts to broadly defined groups or loyalty program members. It mandates that any such discounts must be clearly disclosed and uniformly applied, and prohibits the use of electronic shelving labels for pricing, requiring instead a non-digital presentation of prices.

The bill empowers the Attorney General to take civil action against violators, seeking to enjoin unlawful practices and obtain monetary damages for affected consumers. Consumers themselves are also granted the right to sue for damages, with provisions for increased awards if willful violations are found. The legislation establishes a presumption of violation if different prices are offered to consumers under similar circumstances, and it includes penalties for violations, including monetary fines and potential treble damages. Overall, the act aims to enhance consumer protection and ensure fair pricing practices in the grocery sector.