This bill aims to codify the United States Supreme Court ruling from *New York Times Co. v. Sullivan* (1964), which established that public officials must demonstrate actual malice in defamation suits related to their official conduct. Specifically, the bill stipulates that a public official cannot recover damages unless they prove that the allegedly defamatory statement was false and made with actual malice, defined as the defendant's knowledge of the statement's falsity or reckless disregard for its truth. Additionally, the bill reinforces the principle that proving the truth of the statement serves as an absolute defense against recovery by the public official.

The legislation also clarifies the definitions of "actual malice" and "public official," detailing the criteria for individuals considered public officials, including those elected or appointed to various governmental positions. The bill emphasizes the importance of protecting free speech and robust debate on public issues, aligning with First Amendment principles that allow for vigorous discussion, even if it includes sharp criticisms of government and public officials. The act is set to take effect immediately upon passage.