The New Jersey Sovereignty Act seeks to reinforce state sovereignty by imposing restrictions on the deployment of the National Guard and ensuring that law enforcement operates independently from federal directives. The bill stipulates that the National Guard can only be deployed into active duty combat following an official declaration of war by Congress or specific constitutional actions by the President. It also outlines conditions for calling the National Guard into federal service, such as during invasions or rebellions. Additionally, the legislation requires state and local law enforcement agencies to report any federal requests for cooperation to the Attorney General prior to taking action, thereby enhancing the state's autonomy in law enforcement.

Moreover, the bill emphasizes the Tenth Amendment and the Anti-Commandeering Doctrine to protect state sovereignty from federal overreach. It prohibits state and local law enforcement from assisting federal authorities without explicit state authorization, while still allowing compliance with valid judicial warrants and participation in joint law enforcement efforts unrelated to immigration. The Attorney General is tasked with creating training materials and guidance for law enforcement to ensure compliance with these provisions. The bill also establishes a reporting system for compliance, mandates annual training for law enforcement personnel, and empowers the Legislature to address federal policies that may unlawfully commandeer state resources, allowing for potential investigations and legal actions by the Attorney General.