The New Jersey Sovereignty Act seeks to reinforce state sovereignty by imposing restrictions on the deployment of the National Guard and ensuring that law enforcement operates independently from federal directives. The bill stipulates that the National Guard cannot be deployed into active duty combat without an official declaration of war from Congress or specific federal actions that meet constitutional criteria. Additionally, it requires state and local law enforcement agencies to report any federal requests for cooperation to the Office of the Attorney General prior to taking action, thereby enhancing the state's autonomy in law enforcement.

The legislation underscores the significance of the Tenth Amendment and the Anti-Commandeering Doctrine, which safeguard state sovereignty from federal overreach. It prohibits law enforcement from assisting federal authorities without explicit state authorization, while still allowing compliance with valid judicial warrants and participation in joint law enforcement efforts unrelated to immigration enforcement. The Attorney General is responsible for creating training materials and guidance to ensure adherence to these provisions. The bill also establishes a reporting system for compliance and training, with the state covering associated costs, and grants the Legislature the authority to address federal policies that may unlawfully commandeer state resources.