The "Pain-Capable Unborn Child Protection Act" seeks to prohibit abortions after 20 weeks of post-fertilization age, with specific exceptions. Under the bill, it is unlawful for anyone to perform or attempt an abortion unless they are a licensed physician who has determined the probable post-fertilization age of the unborn child. This determination must involve inquiries and medical examinations deemed necessary by a reasonably prudent physician. Exceptions to the prohibition include situations where the abortion is necessary to save the life of the pregnant woman due to a physical condition, or if the pregnancy resulted from reported rape or incest, particularly involving minors.

Additionally, the bill outlines strict procedural requirements for physicians, including the need for informed consent documentation signed by the woman, the physician, and a witness. It mandates that if an abortion is performed under the exceptions and the child is born alive, the physician must ensure that appropriate medical care is provided. Violations of the bill's provisions would result in criminal charges, while women undergoing abortions in violation of the law would be immune from liability. The legislation emphasizes the state's interest in protecting unborn children, asserting that they are capable of feeling pain by 20 weeks post-fertilization.