This bill, known as HB 56-FN, mandates that all firearm transfers in New Hampshire be conducted through a licensed firearms dealer who will perform a criminal background check and maintain a record of the transfer. The legislation aims to enhance public safety by preventing firearms from being acquired by individuals who are legally prohibited from owning them, such as felons and those with mental health adjudications. The bill introduces a new chapter, RSA 159-G, which outlines definitions related to firearm transfers, the process for conducting these transfers, and the penalties for violations.

Key provisions include a mandatory waiting period of 72 hours after the initiation of a background check before a firearm can be delivered to the purchaser, with certain exceptions for temporary transfers during activities like hunting or transfers between immediate family members. The bill also specifies that violations will result in penalties ranging from a class B misdemeanor for first offenses to a class A misdemeanor for subsequent offenses. Additionally, it clarifies that the provisions do not require law enforcement agencies to maintain a registry of firearms sold or transferred. The act is set to take effect on January 1, 2026.