The bill establishes the Department of Environmental Quality as the primary authority over air quality, water quality, and emissions permitting standards specifically for existing fossil fuel-fired electric generating units within Montana. It asserts that both state and federal court systems, as well as the federal Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), have not demonstrated that emissions from these units have caused measurable harm beyond state borders. Furthermore, the bill claims that the EPA lacks the authority to impose regulations that would impede the operation of these units without significant financial investment from their owners and utilities.

Additionally, the bill includes a provision for "contingent voidness," stating that if the EPA repeals certain rules published in May 2024, the act will become void. The Department of Environmental Quality is designated as the sole oversight and permitting authority for these units, and the act is set to take effect immediately upon passage and approval.