Legislative Analysis
Phone: (517) 373-8080
CREATE THE HOMEOWNERS’ ENERGY POLICY ACT
http://www.house.mi.gov/hfa
House Bill 5028 (H-3) as passed by the House
Analysis available at
Sponsor: Rep. Ranjeev Puri http://www.legislature.mi.gov
Committee: Natural Resources, Environment, Tourism
and Outdoor Recreation
Complete to 5-9-24
(Enacted as Public Act 68 of 2024)
SUMMARY:
House Bill 5028 would create a new act, the Homeowners’ Energy Policy Act, which would
declare certain provisions of a homeowners’ association agreement invalid and unenforceable
if they violate the provisions of the bill concerning the ability of a member of the association
to install certain energy-saving improvements or modifications. Homeowners’ associations
would also be required to adopt a policy statement on solar energy that complies with
requirements in the bill.
Member would mean an owner of a home or a unit that is within the jurisdiction of the
homeowners’ association.
Energy-saving improvement or modification would include at least all of the
following:
• A clothesline.
• Air source heat pumps.
• Ground source heat pumps.
• Insulation.
• Rain barrels.
• Reflective roofing.
• Energy efficient appliances.
• Solar water heaters.
• Electric vehicle supply equipment.
• Energy efficient windows.
• Energy efficient insulation materials.
Electric vehicle supply equipment would mean a machine or other device that is
supplied with electricity and designed or used for placing or delivering electricity into
the battery storage system of a motor vehicle.
Section 5 of the bill would provide that the following provisions, if present in a homeowners’
association agreement, are invalid and unenforceable as contrary to public policy:
• A provision that prohibits, or requires the approval of the homeowners’ association for,
a member to replace, maintain, install, or operate an energy-saving improvement or
modification.
• A provision that compels, or requires association approval for, a member to make
auxiliary changes needed for the installation of an energy-saving improvement or
modification.
• A provision that prohibits or has the effect of prohibiting the installation of a solar
energy system.
House Fiscal Agency Page 1 of 6
Solar energy system would mean a complete assembly, structure, or design of a solar
collector, or a solar storage mechanism that uses solar energy for generating
electricity or heating or cooling gases, solids, liquids, or other materials. Solar energy
system would include the design, materials, or elements of a solar energy system and
its maintenance, operation, labor components, and the necessary components, if any,
of supplemental conventional energy systems designed or constructed to interface with
a solar energy system.
Solar collector would mean any of the following:
• An assembly, a structure, or a design, including passive elements, used for
gathering, concentrating, or absorbing direct and indirect solar energy, or
specially designed for holding a substantial amount of useful thermal energy,
that transfers that energy to gas, solid, or liquid or uses that energy directly.
• A mechanism that absorbs solar energy and converts it into electricity.
• A mechanism or process used for gathering solar energy through wind or
thermal gradients.
• A component used to transfer thermal energy to a gas, solid, or liquid or convert
thermal energy into electricity.
Solar storage mechanism would mean equipment or elements that are used for storing
solar energy gathered by a solar collector for subsequent use, including piping and
transfer mechanisms; containers; heat exchangers; batteries; gases, solids, or liquids;
or a combination of gases, solids, and liquids.
Solar energy would mean radiant energy received from the sun at a wavelength that is
suitable for heat transfer, photosynthetic use, or photovoltaic use.
Additionally, a local unit of government (county, township, city, or village) could not require
a member to obtain the approval of a homeowners’ association to do either of the following:
• Replace, maintain, install, or operate an energy-saving improvement or modification.
• Make auxiliary changes needed for the installation of an energy-saving improvement
or modification.
However, subject to the above, the bill would not prohibit a local unit of government from
imposing requirements that may prohibit or limit the replacement, maintenance, installation,
or operation of an energy-saving improvement or modification or making of auxiliary changes
needed for the installation of an energy-saving improvement or modification by a member of
a homeowners’ association.
Section 9 of the bill would require a homeowners’ association to adopt a written solar energy
policy statement within one year of the bill’s effective date. This policy could not conflict with
existing local, state, or federal law, and any provision in a policy that conflicts with the
Homeowners’ Energy Policy Act would be void and unenforceable. In addition, any provision
in a policy that prohibits or has the effect of prohibiting the installation of a solar energy system
would be invalid and unenforceable as contrary to public policy.
House Fiscal Agency HB 5028 (H-3) as passed by the House Page 2 of 6
All of the following would apply to such a policy:
• It would have to include the standards established by the bill that would be enforced
by the homeowners’ association.
• It could not prohibit elements of the solar energy system from being installed on a roof
face.
• It could not require that a specific technology be utilized for the installation of a solar
energy system, including solar shingles rather than traditional solar panels.
• Any standards enforced under the policy could not result in a reduction in the
production of electricity by the solar energy system by more than 10% or increase the
total cost of the installation of the solar energy system to the member by more than
$1,000. (As used here, production would mean the estimated annual electrical
production of the solar energy system.)
• It could not include a provision that contradicts the Homeowners’ Energy Policy Act.
• It would have to include the following statements:
o That the approval of an adjacent home or unit owner is not required to approve
a member’s application to install a solar energy system on the member’s home
or unit.
o That the homeowners’ association will not do any of the following:
Inquire into a member’s energy usage.
Impose conditions that impair the operation of a solar energy system or
that would negatively impact any component industry standard
warranty.
Require post-installation reporting.
Require a fee for submitting an application to install a solar energy
system above that assessed for other applications related to a change to
the property.
Prohibit a member from resubmitting a written application to install a
solar energy system after a written application submitted after the bill’s
effective date was denied by the association.
o That the homeowners’ association will not deny a member’s application to
install a solar energy system because of the identity of the entity that owns the
solar energy system or financing method chosen by the member.
o That a homeowners’ association may deny an application to install a solar
energy system or require the removal of a solar energy system if one or more
of the following apply:
A court has found that the installation of the solar energy system
violates a law.
The installed solar energy system does not substantially conform with
the member’s application to install the solar energy system as approved
by the homeowners’ association.
The homeowners’ association has determined that the solar energy
system will be installed on the roof of a home or unit of the member
requesting installation and one or more of the following apply:
• The solar energy system will extend above or beyond the roof
of that home or unit by more than six inches.
• The solar energy system does not conform to the slope of the
roof and has a top edge that is not parallel to the roof line.
House Fiscal Agency HB 5028 (H-3) as passed by the House Page 3 of 6
• The solar energy system has a frame, support bracket, or visible
conduit or wiring that is not a silver, bronze, or black tone
commonly available in the marketplace.
The homeowners’ association has determined that the solar energy
system will be installed in a fenced yard or patio, rather than on the
roof of a home or unit, and that the solar energy system will be taller
than the fence line.
o That a member must comply with state and local building codes and permit
requirements in the replacement, maintenance, installation, or operation of an
energy-saving improvement or modification or the installation of a solar energy
system.
o That a member who wants to install a solar energy system in the member’s
home or unit must comply with the application requirements described below.
o That a member may resubmit a written application to install a solar energy
system as described below.
• It could impose reasonable conditions concerning the maintenance, repair,
replacement, or removal of a damaged or inoperable solar energy system as long as the
conditions are not more burdensome than the conditions imposed on non–solar energy
projects.
Once adopted, the homeowners’ association would have to make a copy of the policy available
within 30 days after its adoption or upon request and, if the association maintains a website,
post a copy of the policy on its website.
Section 11 of the bill would require a member who wants to install a solar energy system in
their home or unit, starting on the effective date of the bill, to submit a written application to
the homeowners’ association. This written application would have to include all of the
following information:
• The member’s name.
• The street address of the location where the solar energy system will be installed.
• The name and contact information of the person that will install the solar energy
system.
• An image that shows the layout of the solar energy system on the home or unit.
• A description of the solar energy system to be installed.
An HOA would have 30 days after receiving a member’s request for installation of a solar
energy system to approve or deny it. If an application is submitted before the adoption of the
required written solar energy policy statement, the HOA would have to approve or deny the
member’s request to install the solar energy system within 120 days after receipt of the written
application. A member could resubmit an installation application if it was submitted and denied
prior to the effective date of the bill, and once received, the HOA would have to evaluate the
application based on the provisions of the bill.
If an HOA failed to adopt the written solar energy policy within 90 days of the bill’s effective
date or failed to approve or deny the member’s request to install the solar energy system within
30 days, the applicant could proceed with the installation of the solar energy system. If the
member proceeds with the installation of the solar energy system, the HOA could not impose
fines or otherwise penalize the member for complying with the provisions in the HB 5028.
House Fiscal Agency HB 5028 (H-3) as passed by the House Page 4 of 6
Section 13 of the bill states that it does not apply to the installation of a solar energy system,
or the replacement, maintenance, installation, or operation of an energy-saving improvement
or modification, in a common area or on a shared roof.
Common area would mean a portion of a building, land, or amenities owned or
managed by the HOA that is generally accessible to all members of the association.
This would include a hallway, stairway, elevator, lobby, laundry and recreation room,
playground, community center, garage, a public green space, a park, or a fitness room.
Shared roof would mean a roof that serves more than one home or unit, including a
contiguous roof that serves adjacent homes or units.
If a homeowners’ association violates the provisions of the bill, a member could bring a civil
action against the HOA for damages. if the member prevails, the court could award reasonable
attorney fees and the costs incurred in bringing the action.
Finally, the bill says that if any provision of the Homeowners Energy Policy Act or its
application to any person or circumstances is held invalid, then its invalidity would not affect
other provisions or applications that can be given effect without the invalid provision or
application, and, to this end, the provisions of the act are severable. (All Michigan laws are
always already severable under section 5 of Chapter 1 of the Revised Statutes of 1846. 1)
Enacting provisions
The bill contains a statement that the legislature recognizes the replacement, maintenance,
installation, or operation of an energy-saving improvement or modification, or installation of
a solar energy system is an effective means for a member of a homeowners’ association to
manage the member’s energy budget and increase energy resiliency.
The bill would take effect 90 days after it is enacted into law.
BRIEF DISCUSSION:
According to testimony, other states have introduced similar legislation that makes it easier for
homeowners to install solar installations and perform other updates to their homes that allow
for energy savings. Supporters of the bill say that it addresses concerns of homeowners who
meet requirements of their local municipalities regarding building permits but have been
stymied by homeowner associations that refuse to allow modifications to a home’s appearance.
They argue that promoting energy resilience on an individual home level would move
Michigan toward a higher percentage of the state’s power needs being supplied by renewable
energy sources, such as solar panels.
Opponents of the bill say that individuals who purchased homes within a neighborhood covered
by an HOA did so voluntarily and should be familiar with the bylaws before purchasing the
house. If an individual wishes to make modifications, they should move through existing
processes, and if they do not like the outcome of their application, they should work to convince
their neighbors to change the HOA bylaws to allow the desired modification.
1
http://legislature.mi.gov/doc.aspx?mcl-8-5
House Fiscal Agency HB 5028 (H-3) as passed by the House Page 5 of 6
FISCAL IMPACT:
House Bill 5028 would have no fiscal impact on the Department of Labor and Economic
Opportunity (LEO) or on local units of government.
POSITIONS:
Representatives of the Michigan Energy Innovation Business Council testified in support of
the bill. (10-5-23)
The following entities indicated support for the bill:
• C