Legislative Analysis
Phone: (517) 373-8080
PRODUCTIVITY CREDITS
http://www.house.mi.gov/hfa
House Bill 4450 as introduced Analysis available at
Sponsor: Rep. Tyrone Carter http://www.legislature.mi.gov
House Bill 4451 as introduced
Sponsor: Rep. Kristian C. Grant
House Bill 4452 as introduced House Bill 4453 as introduced
Sponsor: Rep. Donavan McKinney Sponsor: Rep. Alabas A. Farhat
Committee: Criminal Justice
Revised 9-16-23
SUMMARY:
House Bill 4450 would amend 1893 PA 118, known as the prison code, to allow certain
prisoners to earn productivity credits toward time that must be deducted from the prisoner’s
sentence in determining their parole eligibility date and discharge date. Productivity credits
would be awarded for participation in and completion of educational programs, vocational
programs, or other programs recommended or approved by the Department of Corrections
(DOC) as well as for the successful completion of a high school diploma, high school
equivalency certificate, or higher education degree.
House Bills 4451, 4452, and 4453 would respectively amend the Code of Criminal Procedure,
the Corrections Code, and the William Van Regenmorter Crime Victim’s Rights Act to
accommodate the new credits in those acts.
House Bill 4450 would amend the prison code to provide that certain prisoners under the
jurisdiction of DOC for the commission of a felony offense are eligible to earn productivity
credits. Accumulated productivity credits would have to be deducted from a prisoner’s
sentence (both the minimum and the maximum) to determine their parole eligibility and
discharge dates.
Eligibility to earn productivity credits
Except as noted below, the bill would apply to prisoners who are sentenced on or after the bill’s
effective date to an indeterminate term of imprisonment (one expressed as a range of minimum
and maximum terms) for specified assaultive crimes committed on or after December 15, 1998,
and for any crime committed on or after December 15, 2000. 1
The bill would not apply to any of the following prisoners:
• A prisoner sentenced to imprisonment for life without parole.
1
See the act’s definition of prisoner subject to disciplinary time: http://legislature.mi.gov/doc.aspx?mcl-800-34
Under the prison code, disciplinary time is given to a prisoner for each major misconduct they are found guilty of
under departmental rules. Disciplinary time can be reduced by the DOC for exemplary good conduct and restored if
the prisoner is subsequently found guilty of a major misconduct. Accumulated disciplinary time is submitted to the
parole board for its consideration at the prisoner’s parole review or interview.
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 • A prisoner sentenced for a conviction under section 316, 317, 462b, 462c, 462d, or
462e(b) of the Michigan Penal Code. 2
• A prisoner sentenced for a conviction that is a listed offense under the Sex Offenders
Registration Act. 3
Awarding productivity credits
Under the bill, DOC would have to award productivity credits to a prisoner who is eligible to
earn them as follows:
• 20 days of productivity credits for each month the prisoner maintains enrollment in a
program recommended by DOC or an educational or vocational program, up to a
maximum total of 100 days. (However, DOC could not award a prisoner productivity
credits for enrollment during a month in which the prisoner is found guilty of having
committed a major misconduct. The credits not awarded could not exceed those that
would have been earned for that month.)
• 90 days of productivity credits upon the prisoner’s successful completion of a program
recommended by DOC or an educational or vocational program that does not result in
a high school diploma, high school equivalency certificate, or higher education degree.
• 120 days of productivity credits upon the prisoner’s earning a high school diploma,
high school equivalency certificate, or higher education degree.
In addition, if research and evidence were to indicate that the program improves rehabilitation,
behavioral, or post-release prisoner outcomes, DOC could approve additional programs for a
prisoner to earn productivity credits and assign and award those credits as follows:
• 10, 15, or 20 days of productivity credits, as determined by DOC for the applicable
program, for each month the prisoner maintains voluntary enrollment in the DOC-
approved program, up to a maximum total of 100 days. (However, DOC could not
award a prisoner productivity credits for enrollment during a month in which the
prisoner is found guilty of having committed a major misconduct. The amount of
credits not awarded would be limited to those that would have been earned for the
month in which the misconduct occurred.)
• Up to 90 days of productivity credits, as determined by DOC, upon the prisoner’s
successful completion of the DOC-approved program.
Further limitations on awarding productivity credits
DOC could not award a prisoner productivity credits for any period during which the prisoner
meets either of the following:
• The prisoner has received a score of very high risk on their most recent validated risk
and needs assessment.
• The prisoner is assigned to a housing unit having a security classification of V or VI
(as described in section 42 of the prison code).
2
These sections respectively pertain to first degree murder, second degree murder, and the following human
trafficking-relating crimes: knowingly obtaining an individual for forced labor or services, knowingly obtaining an
individual to hold in debt bondage, knowingly obtaining an individual to be subjected to forced labor or services or
debt bondage or knowingly benefiting from participation in a human trafficking enterprise, and obtaining a minor for
forced labor or services.
3
See the definition in https://www.legislature.mi.gov/documents/mcl/pdf/mcl-28-722.pdf
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 DOC also could not award productivity credits in an amount that exceeds 20% of the prisoner’s
minimum sentence.
Concurrent and consecutive sentences and commutations
The productivity credits of a prisoner who was sentenced concurrently for separate convictions
would be computed on the basis of the longest of the concurrent sentences.
The productivity credits of a prisoner who is serving consecutive sentences for separate
convictions would be computed and accumulated on each sentence individually.
The bill would not allow productivity credits for a commuted sentence unless the executive
order commuting the sentence stipulated to the credit.
Rules
DOC would have to promulgate rules prescribing minimum standards for earning productivity
credits and the procedure for awarding them.
Proposed MCL 800.33a
House Bill 4451 would amend the Code of Criminal Procedure to change requirements
concerning certain prisoners’ eligibility for parole. Currently under the act, a prisoner whose
sentence has been enhanced because of three or more prior felony convictions and whose
enhanced sentence is for an offense other than a major controlled substance offense 4 is not
eligible for parole until the expiration of either of the following:
• For a prisoner who is not a prisoner subject to disciplinary time as defined in the prison
code, 5 the minimum term fixed by the sentencing judge—unless the judge or a
successor gives written approval for parole at an earlier date allowed by law.
• For a prisoner who is a prisoner subject to disciplinary time as defined in the prison
code, the minimum term fixed by the sentencing judge.
The bill would amend the above provision so that the second category (prisoners not eligible
for parole before serving their minimum sentence) would include only prisoners subject to
disciplinary time who were sentenced before the effective date of the bill.
MCL 769.12
House Bill 4452 would amend the Corrections Code to allow prisoners subject to disciplinary
time (as defined in the prison code) who are sentenced on or after the bill’s effective date to be
paroled before they have served their minimum sentence if they have earned productivity
credits to allow for a reduction of that minimum. These prisoners also could have their
maximum sentences reduced by productivity credits.
Not retroactive
A prisoner subject to disciplinary time who was sentenced before the bill’s effective date would
not be eligible for parole until they had served the minimum sentence fixed at sentencing and
would not be eligible for a reduction in their maximum sentence.
4
See the act’s definition of major controlled substance offense: http://legislature.mi.gov/doc.aspx?mcl-761-2
5
See http://legislature.mi.gov/doc.aspx?mcl-800-34
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 The bill would refer to the latter prisoners (those ineligible for sentence reduction) as “limited
prisoners subject to disciplinary time,” to distinguish them from those sentenced on or after the
effective date of the bill, who as noted are referred to as “prisoners subject to disciplinary time”
in the bill.
Initiated law
Section 33 of the code, included in the bill, was amended in 1978 by an initiated law (Proposal
B), which means that a vote of three-fourths of the members elected to and serving in each
house of the legislature is needed to amend or repeal it. 6 (With regard to prisoners sentenced
for certain specified crimes, Proposal B ended the practice of awarding good time credits for
good behavior and instead adopted what is commonly called “Truth in Sentencing,” in which
a prisoner eligible for parole must serve their entire minimum sentence before being considered
for parole. 7)
MCL 791.233 et seq.
House Bill 4453 would amend the William Van Regenmorter Crime Victim’s Rights Act to
require the prosecuting attorney, if requested by the victim of a crime, to give the victim notice
as to whether the defendant may be eligible to earn productivity credits under HB 4450 that
could reduce a sentence of imprisonment. For a crime committed by a juvenile, the prosecuting
attorney, or the court in certain circumstances, would have to give the victim notice, upon
request, as to whether the juvenile may be eligible to earn productivity credits under HB 4450
that could reduce a sentence of imprisonment.
This information would be in addition to other notice the victim may now request to receive,
such as notice of the offenses for which the defendant was convicted or the juvenile was
adjudicated or convicted and notice regarding the victim’s right to make an impact statement
at sentencing or (for a juvenile) at the disposition hearing.
MCL 780.763 and 780.791
House Bill 4450 is tie-barred to HB 4452, and House Bills 4451, 4452, and 4453 are tie-barred
to HB 4450. A bill cannot take effect unless each bill to which it is tie-barred is also enacted.
FISCAL IMPACT:
House Bills 4450, 4451, and 4452 would have an indeterminate fiscal impact on the
state. Under the bills, prisoners convicted of qualifying offenses who participate in core,
educational, vocational, or specific behavioral programming during their incarceration would
receive productivity credits and bonus productivity credits for program participation and
successful completion. It is anticipated that this would result in a reduced prison population
6
This attorney general opinion holds that a three-fourths vote is required to amend or repeal section 33, whether
directly or through a new codification: https://www.ag.state.mi.us/opinion/datafiles/1980s/op05627.htm. Some have
argued that this three-fourths requirement would not apply to HB 4452. The attorney general has been formally asked
for an opinion on the question. See https://www.detroitnews.com/story/news/politics/2023/09/11/lawmaker-asks-ag-
to-weigh-in-on-benchmark-for-productivity-credit-passage/70824701007/. Note that, in accordance with section 25
of Article IV of the state constitution, voters reenacted the whole of section 33 as amended, and not the amendments
alone, in approving the 1978 initiative.
7
See https://crcmich.org/PUBLICAT/1970s/1978/cc0903.pdf
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 and a subsequent savings for the state. The amount of actual savings would depend on several
factors, including the number of prisoners that participate in programming, the number of
prisoners that successfully complete programming, the number of productivity and bonus
productivity credits earned, how the number of credits earned affects prisoners’ overall lengths
of stay, and the number of prisoner beds that ultimately could be closed. It is not possible to
estimate these specific figures. Program availability and length of stay would be primary
factors in a prisoner’s ability to earn productivity and bonus productivity credits.
According to the 2019 Michigan Department of Corrections Statistical Report, roughly 1,400
prisoners received a GED that year and 16,000 completed a vocational program or employment
readiness certificate. Roughly 60% of the prison population would be eligible for programming
based on convictions of qualifying offenses. The average minimum length of stay in prison is
4.43 years. It is estimated that if every prisoner participated in and successfully completed one
program during their incarceration, anywhere between 1,500 and 2,000 beds could be reduced.
If the prison population were reduced by 1,800 beds, which is about the number of beds in a
Level 1 facility, savings to the state would be roughly $40.0 million. Under language providing
that the bills would apply only to those prisoners who are sentenced after the effective date of
the bills, savings would not be realized immediately and likely would take four to five years to
be realized. New admissions and activities would take time to have an impact on time served.
Although a reduction in the prison population would result in a savings to the state, the bills
would most likely lead to initial costs for the Department of Corrections for prisoner
programming. Although the department currently makes available these types of programming,
(e.g., core programming, educational programming, vocational programming, and behavioral
programming), it could be assumed that additional funding would be needed for the additional
programming that would be offered to the additional number of prisoners who would be
eligible for programming under provisions of the bills.
House Bill 4453, which requires a prosecuting attorney to notify a victim of whether a
defendant may be eligible to earn productivity credits under HB 4450, in addition to existing
notifications, would have no fiscal impact on county prosecuting attorney offices or the
Department of the Attorney General.
Legislative Analyst: Rick Yuille
Fiscal Analysts: Robin Risko
Michael Cnossen
■ This analysis was prepared by nonpartisan House Fiscal Agency staff for use by House members in their
deliberations and does not constitute an official statement of legislative intent.
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Statutes affected:
House Introduced Bill: 791.233