Legislative Analysis
Phone: (517) 373-8080
PROHIBIT GUNS AT ELECTION LOCATIONS
http://www.house.mi.gov/hfa
House Bill 4127 (H-4) as passed by the Senate Analysis available at
Sponsor: Rep. Penelope Tsernoglou http://www.legislature.mi.gov
House Bill 4128 (S-1) as passed by the Senate
Sponsor: Rep. Stephanie A. Young
House Committee: Elections
Senate Committee: Elections and Ethics
Complete to 11-13-24
SUMMARY:
House Bills 4127 and 4128 would amend the same section of the Michigan Penal Code to make
it illegal to possess a firearm at a polling place or at both a polling place and a counting board
location, respectively. Violations would be punishable by up to 90 days’ imprisonment or a
fine of up to $100, or both.
House Bill 4127 would generally prohibit the possession of firearms at the following locations
during the specified time periods:
• Inside a polling place or within 100 feet of an entrance to a building used as a polling
place while the polls are open on election day.
• Inside an early voting location or within 100 feet of an entrance to a building used as
an early voting location on any day that early voting is conducted at that location.
• Within 100 feet of an absentee ballot drop box during the 40 days prior to an election.
• Inside a city or township clerk’s office or official satellite office, or within 100 feet of
an entrance to those offices, during the 40 days prior to an election, if a voter can drop
off their absentee ballot in person with their city or township clerk.
The prohibition would not apply to peace officers; individuals carrying a concealed pistol with
a valid license; individuals who possess a firearm in their residence or on their private property,
or who possess a firearm when at another individual’s residence or property with that
individual’s permission; or individuals lawfully transporting or possessing a firearm in their
vehicle.
MCL 750.234d
House Bill 4128 is generally identical to House Bill 4127 but would additionally prohibit the
possession of firearms at absent voter counting board locations and combined absent voter
counting board locations, and within 100 feet of entrances to those locations, while absent voter
ballots are being processed. This prohibition would not apply to uniformed police officers
acting in the course of their duties; the other exceptions described above would not apply in
this case.
MCL 750.234d
House Fiscal Agency Page 1 of 3
BACKGROUND:
In October 2020, Michigan Secretary of State Jocelyn Benson issued a directive prohibiting
the open carry of firearms in or within 100 feet of polling places, absent voter counting boards,
and clerks’ offices on election day in an effort to prevent voter intimidation. 1 However, a
Michigan Court of Claims ruling struck down the directive. That decision was upheld by the
Court of Appeals, which noted that Michigan law prohibits both voter intimidation and
brandishing a firearm in public (meaning pointing, waving about, or displaying the firearm in
a threatening manner with the intent to induce fear in another person). 2
In June 2022, the United States Supreme Court ruled in New York State Rifle & Pistol
Association v. Bruen that states generally cannot prohibit the possession of firearms in public,
except for sensitive places. 3 Although the Court did not define “sensitive places” in the Bruen
ruling, it lists “legislative assemblies, polling places, and courthouses” as examples of locations
historically understood to qualify as sensitive and thus subject to permissible state regulation.4
As of September 2024, seventeen states, Puerto Rico, and the District of Columbia prohibit the
possession of guns and other weapons at polling places, according to the National Conference
of State Legislatures. 5
SENATE ACTION:
The S-1 substitute for House Bill 4128 passed by the Senate incorporates the provisions of
House Bill 4127. The Senate-passed version of HB 4128 would prohibit, with exceptions, the
possession of firearms at both polling places and absent voter counting board locations rather
than only at absent voter counting boards.
FISCAL IMPACT:
House Bills 4127 and 4128 would have an indeterminate fiscal impact on local units of
government. The number of convictions that would result under provisions of the bills is not
known. Violations would be misdemeanors, and new misdemeanor convictions would result
in increased costs related to county jails or local misdemeanor probation supervision. Costs of
local incarceration in county jails and local misdemeanor probation supervision, and how those
costs are financed, vary by jurisdiction. The fiscal impact on local court systems would depend
on how provisions of the bills affected court caseloads and related administrative costs. It is
difficult to project the actual fiscal impact to courts due to variables such as law enforcement
practices, prosecutorial practices, judicial discretion, case types, and complexity of cases. Any
1
The directive can be found here: https://www.michigan.gov/sos/-
/media/Project/Websites/sos/03mcalpine/BOE_Open_Carry_Polling_Place_Instructions_10_16_2020.pdf?rev=0282
cdc8925d4baab1532993bf8715e2&hash=839FEB64CC61F3374F4354BD235FDF21.
2
It is currently illegal for an election challenger to intimidate a voter at a polling place under section 733 of the
Michigan Election Law, and most individuals are generally prohibited from brandishing a firearm in public under
section 234e of the Michigan Penal Code. The Court of Appeals opinion can be found here:
https://www.courts.michigan.gov/4b0580/siteassets/case-
documents/uploads/coa/public/orders/2020/355265_14_01.pdf.
3
https://www.scotusblog.com/2022/06/in-6-3-ruling-court-strikes-down-new-yorks-concealed-carry-law/.
4
https://www.supremecourt.gov/opinions/21pdf/20-843_7j80.pdf#page=27.
5
The full list of states and territories that ban guns at polling places can be found here:
https://www.ncsl.org/elections-and-campaigns/polling-places#guns.
House Fiscal Agency HBs 4127 (H-4) and 4128 (S-1) as passed by the Senate Page 2 of 3
 increase in penal fine revenue would increase funding for public and county law libraries,
which are the constitutionally designated recipients of those revenues.
POSITIONS:
Representatives of the following entities testified in support of the bills (2-28-23):
• Department of State
• East Lansing Interim City Clerk
• Anti-Defamation League
• Moms Demand Action for Gun Sense
• Voters Not Politicians
The following entities indicated support for the bills:
• Department of the Attorney General (2-28-23)
• Lansing City Clerk (3-7-23)
• American Association of University Women of Michigan (2-28-23)
• American Civil Liberties Union Michigan (2-28-23)
• Brady United Against Gun Violence (2-28-23)
• Center for Change Northern Michigan (2-28-23)
• Detroit Disability Power (2-28-23)
• Giffords (2-28-23)
• League of Women Voters (3-7-23)
• Michigan Association of Municipal Clerks (2-28-23)
• Michigan Democratic Party (2-28-23)
• Progress Michigan (2-28-23)
• Promote the Vote (2-28-23)
• Protect Democracy (3-7-23)
The Campaign Legal Center Action indicated support for House Bill 4127. (3-7-23)
Representatives of the following entities testified in opposition to the bills (2-28-23):
• Great Lakes Gun Rights
• Michigan Coalition for Responsible Gun Owners
• Michigan Open Carry Inc.
• Pure Integrity for Michigan Elections
The National Rifle Association Institute for Legislative Action indicated opposition to the bills.
(3-7-23)
Legislative Analyst: Holly Kuhn
Fiscal Analyst: Robin Risko
■ This analysis was prepared by nonpartisan House Fiscal Agency staff for use by House members in their
deliberations and does not constitute an official statement of legislative intent.
House Fiscal Agency HBs 4127 (H-4) and 4128 (S-1) as passed by the Senate Page 3 of 3


Statutes affected:
Substitute (S-1): 750.234
House Introduced Bill: 750.234
As Passed by the House: 750.234
As Passed by the Senate: 750.234
House Concurred Bill: 750.234
Public Act: 750.234
House Enrolled Bill: 750.234