PIONEER VALLEY TRANSIT AUTHORITY
(A Component Unit of the Massachusetts
Department of Transportation)
Schedule of Expenditures of Federal Awards
and OMB Uniform Guidance Auditors’ Reports
Year Ended June 30, 2024
Table of Contents
Page
Independent Auditors’ Report on Compliance for Each Major
Federal Program; Report on Internal Control Over Compliance;
and Report on Schedule of Expenditures of Federal Awards
Required by the Uniform Guidance 2-4
Independent Auditors’ Report on Internal Control Over Financial
Reporting and on Compliance and Other Matters Based on an
Audit of Financial Statements Performed in Accordance
with Government Auditing Standards 5-6
Schedule of Expenditures of Federal Awards 7
Notes to Schedule of Expenditures of Federal Awards 8
Findings and Questioned Costs 9 - 10
 INDEPENDENT AUDITORS' REPORT ON COMPLIANCE FOR EACH MAJOR
FEDERAL PROGRAM AND REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER COMPLIANCE
IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE UNIFORM GUIDANCE
To the Advisory Board
PIONEER VALLEY TRANSIT AUTHORITY
2808 Main Street
Springfield, MA 01107
Report on Compliance for Each Major Federal Program
Opinion on Each Major Federal Program
We have audited the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority’s compliance with the types of compliance requirements
identified as subject to audit in the OMB Compliance Supplement that could have a direct and material effect on each
of the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority’s major federal programs for the year ended June 30, 2024. The Pioneer Valley
Transit Authority’s major federal programs are identified in the summary of auditors' results section of the
accompanying schedule of findings and questioned costs.
In our opinion, the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority complied, in all material respects, with the compliance
requirements referred to above that could have a direct and material effect on each of its major federal programs for the
year ended June 30, 2024.
Basis for Opinion on Each Major Federal Program
We conducted our audit of compliance in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of
America (GAAS); the standards applicable to financial audits contained in Government Auditing Standards issued by
the Comptroller General of the United States (Government Auditing Standards); and the audit requirements of Title 2
U.S. Code of Federal Regulations Part 200, Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit
Requirements for Federal Awards (Uniform Guidance). Our responsibilities under those standards and the Uniform
Guidance are further described in the Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of Compliance section of our report.
We are required to be independent of the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority and to meet our other ethical responsibilities
in accordance with relevant ethical requirements relating to our audit. We believe that the audit evidence we have
obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our opinion on compliance for each major federal program.
Our audit does not provide a legal determination of the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority’s compliance with the
compliance requirements referred to above.
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Responsibilities of Management for Compliance
Management is responsible for compliance with the requirements referred to above and for the design, implementation,
and maintenance of effective internal control over compliance with the requirements of laws, statutes, regulations, rules
and provisions of contracts or grant agreements applicable to the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority’s federal programs.
Auditors' Responsibilities for the Audit of Compliance
Our objectives are to obtain reasonable assurance about whether material noncompliance with the compliance
requirements referred to above occurred, whether due to fraud or error, and express an opinion on the Pioneer Valley
Transit Authority’s compliance based on our audit. Reasonable assurance is a high level of assurance but is not absolute
assurance and therefore is not a guarantee that an audit conducted in accordance with GAAS, Government Auditing
Standards, and the Uniform Guidance will always detect material noncompliance when it exists. The risk of not
detecting material noncompliance resulting from fraud is higher than for that resulting from error, as fraud may involve
collusion, forgery, intentional omissions, misrepresentations, or the override of internal control. Noncompliance with
the compliance requirements referred to above is considered material, if there is a substantial likelihood that,
individually or in the aggregate, it would influence the judgment made by a reasonable user of the report on compliance
about the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority’s compliance with the requirements of each major federal program as a
whole.
In performing an audit in accordance with GAAS, Government Auditing Standards, and the Uniform Guidance, we:
 Exercise professional judgment and maintain professional skepticism throughout the audit.
 Identify and assess the risks of material noncompliance, whether due to fraud or error, and design and perform
audit procedures responsive to those risks. Such procedures include examining, on a test basis, evidence
regarding the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority’s compliance with the compliance requirements referred to
above and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances.
 Obtain an understanding of the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority’s internal control over compliance relevant
to the audit in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances and to test and report
on internal control over compliance in accordance with the Uniform Guidance, but not for the purpose of
expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority’s internal control over
compliance. Accordingly, no such opinion is expressed.
We are required to communicate with those charged with governance regarding, among other matters, the planned scope
and timing of the audit and any significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in internal control over compliance
that we identified during the audit.
Report on Internal Control Over Compliance
A deficiency in internal control over compliance exists when the design or operation of a control over compliance does
not allow management or employees, in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent, or detect
and correct, noncompliance with a type of compliance requirement of a federal program on a timely basis. A material
weakness in internal control over compliance is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over
compliance, such that there is a reasonable possibility that material noncompliance with a type of compliance
requirement of a federal program will not be prevented, or detected and corrected, on a timely basis. A significant
deficiency in internal control over compliance is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over
compliance with a type of compliance requirement of a federal program that is less severe than a material weakness in
internal control over compliance, yet important enough to merit attention by those charged with governance.
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Our consideration of internal control over compliance was for the limited purpose described in the Auditors'
Responsibilities for the Audit of Compliance section above and was not designed to identify all deficiencies in internal
control over compliance that might be material weaknesses or significant deficiencies in internal control over
compliance. Given these limitations, during our audit we did not identify any deficiencies in internal control over
compliance that we consider to be material weaknesses, as defined above. However, material weaknesses or significant
deficiencies in internal control over compliance may exist that were not identified.
Our audit was not designed for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of internal control over
compliance. Accordingly, no such opinion is expressed.
The purpose of this report on internal control over compliance is solely to describe the scope of our testing of internal
control over compliance and the results of that testing based on the requirements of the Uniform Guidance. Accordingly,
this report is not suitable for any other purpose.
Report on Schedule of Expenditures of Federal Awards Required by the Uniform Guidance
We have audited the financial statements of the business-type activities of the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority as of
and for the year ended June 30, 2024, and the related notes to the financial statements, which collectively comprise the
Pioneer Valley Transit Authority’s basic financial statements. We issued our report thereon, dated September 26, 2024,
which contained an unmodified opinion on those financial statements. Our audit was conducted for the purpose of
forming an opinion on the financial statements that collectively comprise the basic financial statements. The
accompanying schedule of expenditures of federal awards is presented for purposes of additional analysis as required
by the Uniform Guidance and is not a required part of the basic financial statements. Such information is the
responsibility of management and was derived from and relates directly to the underlying accounting and other records
used to prepare the basic financial statements. The information has been subjected to the auditing procedures applied in
the audit of the financial statements and certain additional procedures, including comparing and reconciling such
information directly to the underlying accounting and other records used to prepare the basic financial statements or to
the basic financial statements themselves, and other additional procedures in accordance with auditing standards
generally accepted in the United States of America. In our opinion, the schedule of expenditures of federal awards is
fairly stated in all material respects in relation to the basic financial statements as a whole.
ADELSON & COMPANY PC
September 26, 2024
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 INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
AND ON COMPLIANCE AND OTHER MATTERS BASED ON AN AUDIT OF FINANCIAL
STATEMENTS PERFORMED IN ACCORDANCE WITH GOVERNMENT AUDITING STANDARDS
To the Advisory Board
PIONEER VALLEY TRANSIT AUTHORITY
2808 Main Street
Springfield, MA 01107
We have audited, in accordance with the auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America and the
standards applicable to financial audits contained in Government Auditing Standards issued by the Comptroller General
of the United States (Government Auditing Standards), the financial statements of the business-type activities, of the
Pioneer Valley Transit Authority as of and for the year ended June 30, 2024, and the related notes to the financial
statements, which collectively comprise the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority’s basic financial statements, and have
issued our report thereon dated September 26, 2024.
Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
In planning and performing our audit of the financial statements, we considered the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority’s
internal control over financial reporting (internal control) as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate
in the circumstances for the purpose of expressing our opinion on the financial statements, but not for the purpose of
expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority’s internal control. Accordingly, we
do not express an opinion on the effectiveness of the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority’s internal control.
A deficiency in internal control exists when the design or operation of a control does not allow management or
employees in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent, or detect and correct misstatements
on a timely basis. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control, such that
there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the entity’s financial statements will not be prevented,
or detected and corrected on a timely basis. A significant deficiency is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in
internal control that is less severe than a material weakness, yet important enough to merit attention by those charged
with governance.
Our consideration of internal control was for the limited purpose described in the first paragraph of this section and was
not designed to identify all deficiencies in internal control that might be material weaknesses or significant deficiencies.
Given these limitations, during our audit we did not identify any deficiencies in internal control that we consider to be
material weaknesses. However, material weaknesses or significant deficiencies may exist that were not identified.
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Report on Compliance and Other Matters
As part of obtaining reasonable assurance about whether the Pioneer Valley Transit Authority’s financial statements are
free from material misstatement, we performed tests of its compliance with certain provisions of laws, regulations,
contracts, and grant agreements, noncompliance with which could have a direct and material effect on the financial
statements. However, providing an opinion on compliance with those provisions was not an objective of our audit and,
accordingly, we do not express such an opinion. The results of our tests disclosed no instances of noncompliance or
other matters that are required to be reported under Government Auditing Standards.
Purpose of This Report
The purpose of this report is solely to describe the scope of our testing of internal control and compliance and the results
of that testing, and not to provide an opinion on the effectiveness of the entity’s internal control or on compliance. This
report is an integral part of an audit performed in accordance with Government Auditing Standards in considering the
entity’s internal control and compliance. Accordingly, this communication is not suitable for any other purpose.
ADELSON & COMPANY PC
September 26, 2024
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 PIONEER VALLEY TRANSIT AUTHORITY
(A Component Unit of the Massachusetts Department of Transportation)
SCHEDULE OF EXPENDITURES OF FEDERAL AWARDS
For the Year Ended June 30, 2024
Federal Pass-Through
Assistance Entity Total Passed
Federal Grantor/Pass-Through Grantor/ Listing Identifying Federal Through to
Program or Cluster Title Number Number Expenditures Subrecipients
U.S. Department of Transportation
Federal Transit Administration
Federal Transit Cluster
Federal Transit Formula Grants
Section 5307 Capital and Planning Assistance 20.507 $ 13,044,614 $ 81,158
COVID-19 Section 5307 Operating and Capital Assistance CARES 20.507 2,425,628 44,270
COVID-19 Section 5307 Operating Assistance ARPA 20.507 5,438,729 -
Total Federal Transit Formula Grants 20,908,971 125,428
Bus and Bus Facilities Formula Program
Section 5339 Capital Assistance 20.526 7,222,962 -
Total Federal Transit Cluster 28,131,933 125,428
Transit Services Programs Cluster
Section 5310 Enhanced Mobility of Seniors and Individuals with Disabilities 20.513 3,806 -
Passed through Massachusetts Department of Transportation
Section 5310 Enhanced Mobility of Seniors and Individuals with Disabilities 20.513 118730 128,314 -
Section 5310 Enhanced Mobility of Seniors and Individuals with Disabilities 20.513 118739 174,971 -
Section 5310 Enhanced Mobility of Seniors and Individuals with Disabilities 20.513 128092 551,000 -
Total Transit Services Programs Cluster 858,091 -
Section 5312 Accelerated Innovative Mobility 20.530 102,731 -
Total expenditure of federal awards $ 29,092,755 $ 125,428
See accompanying notes to schedule of expenditures of federal awards.
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 PIONEER VALLEY TRANSIT AUTHORITY
(A Component Unit of the Massachusetts Department of Transportation)
NOTES TO SCHEDULE OF EXPENDITUR