This bill amends Code of Criminal Procedure Article 582 to clarify the time limitations for commencing a new trial after a mistrial or when a defendant is granted a new trial. It specifies that a new trial can be obtained through various mechanisms, including a motion for new trial, appeal, post-conviction relief, or any other state or federal law provisions. The state is required to commence the second trial within one year from the date the new trial is granted or the mistrial is ordered, or within the period established by Article 578, whichever is longer.

Additionally, the bill states that if the state seeks to review the granting of a new trial, the time limitations will not begin until the judgment granting the new trial has become final, which includes exhausting all avenues of appeal in the appropriate appellate courts, including the Louisiana Supreme Court. The bill will take effect upon the governor's signature or after the designated time for bills to become law without signature, as outlined in the Louisiana Constitution.