The bill amends Section 704.13 of the Iowa Code to enhance the legal protections for individuals who use reasonable force in self-defense or defense of others and property. It establishes a presumption that individuals reasonably believe their use of force is necessary to protect themselves or others from imminent unlawful force. Additionally, it stipulates that law enforcement agencies may investigate incidents involving the use of force but cannot arrest individuals unless there is probable cause to believe the force used was unlawful.

Furthermore, the bill outlines procedures for pretrial immunity hearings in criminal prosecutions or civil actions where justified use of force is claimed. It places the burden of proof on the party attempting to overcome the immunity, requiring clear and convincing evidence. The court is mandated to conduct these hearings within 14 days of a motion being filed. Importantly, any probable cause determination by the court regarding the commission of a crime must also include a finding that the use of force was not justified.

Statutes affected:
Introduced: 704.13