The Medical Ethics Defense Act aims to provide protections for medical practitioners, health care institutions, and health care payors regarding their exercise of conscience, whistleblower activities, and free speech. The bill introduces several new sections defining key terms such as "conscience," "discrimination," "health care institution," and "medical practitioner." It establishes that these entities have the right to refuse participation in health care services that conflict with their ethical, moral, or religious beliefs without facing discrimination. Additionally, it clarifies that health care payors cannot decline payment for services based on such refusals, and it emphasizes the obligation to provide emergency medical services.

Furthermore, the Act includes provisions for whistleblower protections, ensuring that individuals cannot be discriminated against for reporting violations or participating in related proceedings. It also outlines free speech protections, preventing licensing boards from penalizing practitioners for engaging in protected speech unless it directly causes harm. The bill allows for civil actions against unlawful interference with conscience rights and establishes penalties for noncompliance with notification requirements regarding complaints. Overall, the Act seeks to safeguard the rights of health care professionals and institutions while maintaining the integrity of patient care.