HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES STAFF ANALYSIS
BILL #: CS/CS/HB 1277 Municipal Utilities
SPONSOR(S): Local Administration, Federal Affairs & Special Districts Subcommittee, Energy,
Communications & Cybersecurity Subcommittee, Busatta Cabrera
TIED BILLS: IDEN./SIM. BILLS: SB 1510
REFERENCE ACTION ANALYST STAFF DIRECTOR or
BUDGET/POLICY CHIEF
1) Energy, Communications & Cybersecurity 13 Y, 2 N, As CS Bauldree Keating
Subcommittee
2) Local Administration, Federal Affairs & Special 11 Y, 4 N, As CS Burgess Darden
Districts Subcommittee
3) Commerce Committee 15 Y, 2 N Bauldree Hamon
SUMMARY ANALYSIS
Pursuant to s. 2(b), Art. VIII of the State Constitution, municipalities have the governmental, corporate, and
proprietary powers to enable them to conduct municipal government, perform municipal functions, and render
municipal services. Municipalities may provide utilities to citizens and entities within the municipality’s
corporate boundaries and, by agreement, in unincorporated areas and in other municipalities.
Many municipalities own and operate electric and natural gas utilities. Municipalities are also authorized by
general law to provide water and sewer utility services. A municipality that operates a water or sewer utility
outside of its municipal boundaries may impose higher rates, fees, and charges on consumers receiving
service outside of its corporate boundaries as compared to the rates, fees, and charges imposed on
consumers within its boundaries. Municipalities routinely transfer a portion of their utility earnings to their
general funds for non-utility purposes, though the amounts and percentages vary widely among municipalities.
Under the bill, a municipality that intends to offer utility service under a new, extended, renewed, or materially
amended agreement must, in conjunction with the local government of the area to be served, conduct a public
meeting within the area to be served. The bill also requires municipalities that provide such service to conduct
an annual customer meeting in the areas served outside the municipal boundaries. The bill limits the portion of
municipal utility revenues earned from service provided outside the municipal boundaries that may be used to
fund or finance the municipality’s non-utility related general government functions. The bill requires each
municipality which provides utility service outside of its municipal boundaries to report annually certain
information to the Florida Public Service Commission (PSC) for each type of utility service it provides and
requires the PSC to compile and report this data to the Legislature and the Governor.
The bill limits the rates, fees, and charges that a municipal water or sewer utility may impose on consumers
outside its boundaries to no more than 25 percent above the total amount the municipal water or sewer utility
charges consumers within the municipal boundaries, provided rates for outside consumers are set in a public
hearing using the same methods as rates for other consumers. The bill prohibits a municipal water or sewer
utility that serves consumers within the boundaries of a separate municipality, using a water treatment plant or
sewer treatment plant located within the boundaries of that separate municipality, from imposing rates, fees,
and charges higher than those imposed on consumers inside its own municipal boundaries.
The bill does not impact state government revenues or state or local government expenditures. The bill may
have a negative fiscal impact on certain local revenues. See Fiscal Analysis & Economic Impact Statement.
The bill provides an effective date of July 1, 2025.
This bill may be a county or municipality mandate requiring a two-thirds vote of the membership of the
House. See Section III.A.1 of the analysis.
This docum ent does not reflect the intent or official position of the bill sponsor or House of Representatives .
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 FULL ANALYSIS
I. SUBSTANTIVE ANALYSIS
A. EFFECT OF PROPOSED CHANGES:
Present Situation
Local Government Utility Services
Pursuant to s. 2(b), Art. VIII of the State Constitution, municipalities have the governmental, corporate,
and proprietary powers to enable them to conduct municipal government, perform municipal functions,
and render municipal services. Municipalities may exercise any power for municipal purposes, except
when expressly prohibited by law.1 The legislative body of each municipality has the power to enact
legislation on any subject upon which the state Legislature may act with certain exceptions.2 Under
their home rule power and as otherwise provided or limited by law or agreement, municipalities may
provide utilities to citizens and entities within the municipality’s corporate boundaries, in unincorporated
areas, and even in other municipalities.
Many municipalities own and operate electric utilities and natural gas utilities and govern the operation
of those utilities through ordinance, code, or policies. Currently, there are 33 municipal electric utilities
in the state.3 Municipal electric and natural gas utility rates are not directly regulated by the Florida
Public Service Commission (PSC), however, the PSC does have jurisdiction over municipal electric
utilities for matters related to rate structure, power plant transmission line site certification, general
reporting jurisdiction, service territory and territory disputes, energy efficiency reporting, ten-year site
plans, reporting on system hardening and resiliency, reporting on net metering, audits related to
regulatory assessment fees, monitoring renewable energy, reporting on facilities inspection and
vegetation management, and grid bill jurisdiction.4
Municipalities are authorized by general law to provide water and sewer utility services. 5 With respect
to public works projects, including water and sewer utility services, 6 municipalities may extend and
execute their corporate powers outside of their corporate limits as “desirable or necessary for the
promotion of the public health, safety and welfare.”7 A municipality may not extend or apply these
corporate powers within the corporate limits of another municipality.8 In general, however, local
governments may enter into mutually advantageous agreements to provide services or facilities to
other localities. 9 Further, the law specifically authorizes a municipality to permit any other municipality
and the owners of lands outside its corporate limits or within the limits of another municipality to
connect with its water and sewer utility facilities and use its services upon agreed terms and
1 Section 166.021(2), F.S., provides that any activity or power which may be exercised by the state or its political
subdivisions is considered a municipal purpose.
2 Pursuant to s. 166.021(3), F.S., a municipality may not enact legislation on the following: the subjects of annexation,
merger, and exercise of extraterritorial power, which require general law or special law; any subject expressly prohibited
by the constitution; any subject expressly preempted to state or county government by the constitution or by general law;
and any subject preempted to a county pursuant to a county charter adopted under the authority of the State constitution.
3 Presentation on Florida Public Power, Florida Municipal Electric Association (Feb. 9, 2023), slide 2, available at
https://www.myfloridahouse.gov/Sections/Documents/publications.aspx?CommitteeId= 3226&PublicationType=Committee
s&DocumentType=Meeting%20Packets&SessionId=99 (last visited Jan. 16, 2024)
4 Id. at slide 3.
5 Pursuant to s. 180.06, F.S., a municipality may “provide water and alternative water supplies;” “provide for the collection
and disposal of sewage, including wastewater reuse, and other liquid wastes; ” and “construct reservoirs, sewerage
systems, trunk sewers, intercepting sewers, pumping stations, wells, siphons, intakes, pipelines, distribution systems,
purification works, collection systems, treatment and disposal works ” to accomplish these purposes.
6 Other public works projects authorized under s. 180.06, F.S., include alternative water supplies, maintenance of water
flow and bodies of water for sanitary purposes, garbage collection and disposal, airports, hospitals, jails, golf courses, ga s
plants and distribution systems, and related facilities.
7 S. 180.02(2), F.S.
8 Id.
9 See s. 163.01, F.S.
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 conditions.10 An informal study conducted in 2014 indicated that approximately 250 municipalities
provide water service and approximately 220 municipalities provide wastewater service. Of these
municipalities, the study found that approximately 140 provide water and/or waste water services to
customers outside of their municipal boundaries, which may include customers in unincorporated areas
of counties or in other municipalities.11 These utility systems are exempt from PSC jurisdiction.
A municipality that operates a water or sewer utility outside of its municipal boundaries may impose
higher rates, fees, and charges on consumers receiving service outside of its corporate boundaries as
compared to the rates, fees, and charges imposed on consumers within its boundaries. The
municipality can accomplish this in two ways:
 First, for consumers outside of its boundaries, it may add a surcharge of up to 25 percent of the
rates, fees, and charges imposed on consumers within its boundaries. This mechanism does
not require a public hearing.12
 Second, it may set separate rates, fees, and charges for consumers outside its boundaries
based on the same factors used to set rates for consumers within its boundaries. It may add a
surcharge of up to 25 percent of these charges, provided that the total of all such rates, fees,
and charges for service to consumers outside its boundaries may not exceed the total charges
to consumers within its boundaries by more than 50 percent for corresponding service. Rates
set in this manner require a public hearing at which all users served or to be served by the
water or sewer utilities and all other interested persons will have an opportunity to be heard
concerning the proposed rates.13
There is no central repository for information concerning municipal water or sewer service rates that
identifies municipalities that impose higher rates on consumers outside of the municipal boundaries, the
specific mechanism used by such municipalities to establish such rates, or the level of any additional
charge or surcharge imposed.
Most municipal utility systems are governed by the municipality’s governing body (i.e., the city
commission). Six municipal electric utility systems in Florida are governed by separate utility boards, or
“authorities,” which are typically appointed by the municipality’s governing body.14 These utility
authorities vary in structure, though the charter documents for each generally address the powers and
duties of the authority (including terms related to rate-setting, financing, acquisitions, and eminent
domain), the selection process for authority members (including qualifications and terms of office), the
management and personnel of the authority, the transfer of revenues from utility operations to the
municipality, and the degree of continuing oversight by the municipal governing body.
Current law authorizes municipalities to raise amounts of money which are necessary for the conduct of
the municipal government. A municipality may do so by taxation and licenses authorized by Florida’s
constitution or general law, or by user charges or fees authorized by ordinance. 15 Municipalities
routinely transfer a portion of their utility earnings to their general funds for non-utility purposes, though
the amounts and percentages may vary widely among municipalities.16 These transfers may be limited
in some circumstances by ordinance, but they are not governed by state law.
Effect of the Bill
Under the bill, a municipality that intends to offer retail electric, natural gas, water, or sewer utility
service in another municipality or unincorporated area outside of the municipality’s boundaries must
10 S. 180.19, F.S.
11 Analysis of House Bill 813 (2014), Florida House of Representatives.
12 S. 180.191(1)(a), F.S.
13 S. 180.191(1)(b), F.S.
14 The Keys Energy Services Utility Board is the only utility authority in the state with elected board members. Key West
has an elected board, with 2 of the 5 members from outside the city limits. Presentation on Florida Public Power, Florida
Municipal Electric Association supra n. 3, slide 8.
15 S. 166.201, F.S.
16 Presentation on Florida Public Power, Florida Municipal Electric Association supra n. 3, slide 6.
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 hold a public meeting in conjunction with the governing body of each municipality or unincorporated
area to be served before a new agreement to provide such service, or a renewal, extension, or material
amendment of an existing agreement, may take effect. The public meeting must be held within each
municipality and unincorporated area to be served for the purpose of providing information and
soliciting public input on:
 The nature of the service to be provided or changes to the service being provided;
 The rates, fees, and charges to be imposed for the services provided or intended to be
provided, including any differential with the rates, fees, and charges imposed for the same
service on customers located within the boundaries of the serving municipality, the basis for the
differential, and the length of time that the differential is expected to exist;
 The extent to which revenues generated from the provision of the service will be used to fund or
finance non-utility government functions or services; and
 Any other matters deemed relevant by the parties to the agreement.
Further, the bill requires that a new agreement to provide these utility services beyond a municipality’s
boundaries, or an extension, renewal, or material amendment to an existing agreement, must be in
writing. Under the bill, any agreement to provide water or sewer utility service must comply with the
other provisions of the bill limiting rates charged to consumers outside city limits when providing such
services.
The bill requires that an appointed representative17 of each municipality providing utility service in
another municipality or unincorporated area outside of the municipality’s boundaries must conduct an
annual customer meeting in conjunction with the governing body of each municipality and
unincorporated area in which it provides service. The purpose of this meeting is to receive public input
on utility-related matters, including rates and service. The bill provides this meeting does not need to be
a separate public meeting conducted specifically for this purpose.
Under the bill, a municipality may not transfer more than 10 percent of the gross revenues it generates
from electric, natural gas, water, or sewer service provided to consumers outside its municipal
boundaries to fund or finance non-utility governmental functions. Further, the bill requires that the
revenues remaining after a transfer must be reinvested into the municipal utility or returned to
customers living beyond the municipality’s corporate limits.
The bill requires that by November 1, 2024, and annually thereafter, each municipality which provides
utility service outside its municipal boundaries report to the PSC, for each type of utility service it
provides outside of municipal boundaries, the following information:
 The number and percentage of customers that receive utility service provided by the
municipality at a location outside the boundaries of the municipality;
 The volume and percentage of sales made to such customers, and the gross revenues
generated from such sales; and
 Whether the rates, fees, and charges imposed on customers that receive service at a location
outside the municipality's boundaries are different than the rates, fees, and charges imposed on
customers within the boundaries of the municipality, and, if so, the amount and percentage of
the differential.
The bill requires the PSC to compile this information and report it to the Speaker of the House of
Representatives, the Senate President, and the Governor by January 31, 2025, and annually
thereafter. The bill provides that it does not modify or extend the authority of the PSC otherwise
provided by law with respect to any municipal utility that must report this information.
The bill removes the provision from current law allowing water or sewer utilities to add, for consumers
outside of its boundaries, a surcharge of up to 25 percent of the rates, fees, and charges imposed on
consumers within its boundaries without a public meeting. Furthermore, the bill changes the limit on the
17The appointed representative must be an executive-level leadership employee of