HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES STAFF ANALYSIS
BILL #: CS/CS/HB 1163 Regulation of Water Resources
SPONSOR(S): Infrastructure Strategies Committee, Water Quality, Supply & Treatment Subcommittee,
McClain
TIED BILLS: IDEN./SIM. BILLS: CS/SB 1136
REFERENCE ACTION ANALYST STAFF DIRECTOR or
BUDGET/POLICY CHIEF
1) Water Quality, Supply & Treatment 18 Y, 0 N, As CS Guy-Hudson Curtin
Subcommittee
2) Infrastructure Strategies Committee 22 Y, 0 N, As CS Guy-Hudson Harrington
SUMMARY ANALYSIS
The Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) regulates water quality to ensure public health and
environmental safety. In particular, DEP regulates contracting and permitting for water wells but delegated its
authority to implement these activities to each of the five water management districts (WMDs). DEP is
responsible for the Onsite Sewage Program relating to onsite sewage treatment and disposal s ystems
(OSTDSs). County health departments permit and inspect OSTDSs at the direction of DEP.
In Florida, an estimated 2.5 million people rely on private wells for home drinking water. To protect public
health and the environment, Florida law regulates the construction and permitting of water wells. Water well
contractors are required to be licensed to perform construction, repair or abandonment of wells.
Commonly referred to as septic systems, OSTDSs process sewage and wastewater. OSTDS permit applicants
that cannot meet all permitting requirements may apply for a variance. Variance applications are reviewed by
the Variance Review and Advisory Committee (VRAC), which makes recommendations to DEP regarding
action on variance applications.
The bill amends ch. 373, pt. III, F.S., relating to the regulation of water wells and:
 Requires an individual to demonstrate 2 years of experience in water well construction in Florida to be
considered for water well contractor licensure.
 Prohibits a business entity from advertising water well drilling or construction services if the business
entity is not owned by a licensed water well contractor or employs at least one full-time licensed water
well contactor.
 Subjects a business entity to criminal penalties for engaging in unlawful activities.
 Requires entities to whom a WMD has delegated certain enforcement powers to consistently apply
disciplinary guidelines.
The bill clarifies that the VRAC is not responsible for water well permitting and requires the VRAC to consider
all requirements of law when making recommendations on variance requests related to OSTDSs.
The bill authorizes a licensed water well contactor to apply to a WMD for and receive a variance from OSTDS
rules relating to private or public potable water well installation in the respective WMD’s region. DEP must, in
consultation with the WMDs, adopt rules to implement this provision.
The bill has no fiscal impact on state or local governments or the private sector.
The bill has an effective date of July 1, 2024.
This docum ent does not reflect the intent or official position of the bill sponsor or House of Representatives .
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 FULL ANALYSIS
I. SUBSTANTIVE ANALYSIS
A. EFFECT OF PROPOSED CHANGES:
Background
Regulation of Wells
Approximately 23 million American households rely on a private well for drinking water1 and, in Florida,
an estimated 2.5 million people rely on private wells for home drinking water.2 Florida law defines a well
as “any excavation that is drilled, cored, bored, washed, driven, dug, jetted or otherwise constructed
when the intended use of such excavation is for the location, acquisition, development or artificial
recharge of groundwater . . . .”3
Regulations for private water wells are focused on permitting and construction requirements to protect
groundwater from contamination and the health of water users.4 Because there is less emphasis on
consumer protection, private owners often are unaware of the responsibilities for testing and
maintenance and the expense to repair or replace a water well.5 As such, Florida law regulates water
well contractor licensure to prevent incompetent contractors from potentially threatening the health of
the public and the environment.6 “The Legislature finds that a threat to the public and the environment
exists if water resources become contaminated as a result of wells drilled by incompetent or dishonest
contractors . . . .”7 “[T]o prevent contamination, it is necessary to regulate the construction, repair, and
abandonment of wells, and the persons and businesses responsible therefor.”8
Water well contracting is governed by ch. 373, pt. III, F.S., relating to the regulation of wells and is
defined to mean “all parts necessary to obtain groundwater by wells, including the location and
excavation of the well, but excluding the installation of pumps and pumping equipment.”9 The
Department of Environmental Protection (DEP) regulates water well licensure and permitting within the
Division of Resource Management, Source and Drinking Water program. DEP delegated its authority to
license water well contractors and permit the location, construction, repair and abandonment of water
wells to each of the five Water Management Districts (WMDs).10 These activities are implemented in
ch. 62-531, F.A.C., as well as administrative rules for each of the WMDs.11
Each person desiring to be licensed as a water well contractor must apply to take the licensure
examination.12 Application must be made to the WMD where the applicant resides or where his or her
1 The Columbus Telegram, Well Water Tests (Jan. 4, 2024), Well water tests (columbustelegram.com) (last visited Feb. 2, 2024).
2 University of Florida, Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS), Private Wells 101: Bacterial Contamination and
Shock Chlorination, (Feb. 16, 2021), SL487/SS700: Private Wells 101: Bacterial Contamination and Shock Chlorination (ufl.edu) (last
visited Feb. 2, 2024).
3 S. 373.303(7), F.S. The definition excludes any well for the purpose of obtaining or prospecting for oil, natural gas, minerals or
products of mining or quarrying; for inserting media to dispose of oil brines or to repressure oil-bearing or natural gas-bearing
formation; for storing petroleum, natural gas or other products; or, for temporary dewatering of subsurface formations for mining,
quarrying or construction purposes.
4 Department of Health (DOH), Well Construction in Florida (last updated Aug. 18, 2022), Well Construction in Florida | Florida
Department of Health (floridahealth.gov) (last visited Feb. 2, 2024).
5 WMFE, Many Floridians with private wells don’t know how to take care of them, (Nov. 21, 2023), Many Floridians with private
wells don’t know how to take care of them (wmfe.org) (last visited Feb. 2, 2024).
6 S. 373.302, F.S.
7 Id.
8 Id.
9 S. 373.302(2), F.S.
10 Department of Environmental Protection (DEP), Water Well Contractor Licensing and Permitting (last updated Dec. 7, 2022),
Water Well Contractor Licensing and Permitting | Florida Department of Environmental Protection (last visited Feb. 2, 2024).
11 Individual administrative rules for the WMDs are: r. 40A -3, F.A.C., Northwest Florida WMD; r. 40B-3, F.A.C., Suwannee WMD;
r. 40C-3, F.A.C., St. Johns WMD; 40D-3, F.A.C., Southwest Florida WMD; and, r. 40E-3, F.A.C., South Florida WMD.
12 S. 373.323(2), F.S.
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 principal place of business is located;13 a contractor license is valid statewide.14 A resident of another
state must apply to the WMD where most of the business of the applicant will take place.15
To take the water well contractor licensure examination, an applicant must:
 Be at least 18 years of age.
 Have at least 2 years of experience in constructing, repairing or abandoning water wells and
demonstrate satisfactory proof of such experience by providing:
o Evidence of the length of time the applicant has been engaged in the business of the
construction, repair or abandonment of water wells as a major activity, as attested to by a
letter from a water well contractor or a letter from a water well inspector employed by a
governmental agency.
o A list of at least 10 water wells the applicant has constructed, repaired or abandoned within
the preceding 5 years. Of these wells, at least 7 must have been constructed by the
applicant according to state law. The list must also include:
 The name and address of the owner(s) of each well.
 The location, primary use and approximate depth and diameter of each well the
applicant has constructed, repaired or abandoned.
 The approximate date the construction, repair or abandonment of each well was
completed.
 Have completed the application form and remitted a nonrefundable application fee. 16
Licensure authorizes a contractor to install, repair and modify pumps and tanks in accordance with the
Florida Building Code.17 A licensed contractor may also install pumps, tanks and water conditioning
equipment for all water systems.18 Current law cites to the Florida Building Code, Plumbing; Section
612—Wells pumps and tanks used for private potable water systems. Due to revisions to the Florida
Building Code, Section 612 now refers to solar systems and Section 614 refers to water wells. 19
A WMD must issue a license to an applicant who: satisfies all requirements; passes the examination;
pays the fee; and, completes a minimum of 12 hours of approved coursework.20 A WMD may grant an
exemption to one or more licensure requirements if the WMD finds that: compliance with all regulatory
requirements would result in undue hardship to the extent necessary to ameliorate suc h undue
hardship; and, to the extent such exemption can be granted without impairing the intent and purpose of
state law relating to the regulation of wells.21 Licensure renewal is conditioned upon completing 12
hours of continuing education.22
Generally, s. 373.333, F.S., addresses impermissible activities by a licensee and provides for a fine up
to $5,000 per occurrence against a person engaged in the unlicensed practice of water well
contracting.23 Disciplinary guidelines for water well licensees are set by DEP with input from the WMDs
and industry representatives.24
13 Id.
14 S. 373.323(1), F.S.
15 Id.
16 S. 373.323(3), F.S.
17 S. 373.323(10), F.S.
18 Id.
19 Florida Building Code (2023), CHAPTER 6 WATER SUPPLY AND DISTRIBUTION, 2023 Florida Building Code, Plumbing,
Eighth Edition | ICC Digital Codes (iccsafe.org) (last visited Feb. 2, 2024).
20 S. 373.323(5), F.S.
21 S. 373.326 (1), F.S.
22 S. 373.324, F.S. See also r. 62-531.330, F.A.C.; DEP, Water Well Contractor Continuing Education Program (last updated Dec. 7,
2022), Water Well Contractor Continuing Education Program | Florida Department of Environmental Protection (last visited Feb. 2,
2024).
23 S. 373.333(8), F.S.
24 S. 373.333(1), F.S.
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 A permit must be obtained from the appropriate WMD or its delegated permitting authority 25 prior to the
construction, repair or abandonment of any water well. Twenty-two Department of Health (DOH) offices
and 4 municipal governments have delegated authority from the respective WMD to permit water well
construction.26
27
Disciplinary action may be taken by a WMD upon a finding of reasonable grounds 28 and the WMD must
provide written notice regarding an alleged violation by service of process or registered mail. 29 A WMD
must apply disciplinary guidelines consistently. 30 Disciplinary guidelines must:
 Specify a meaningful range of designated penalties based upon the severity and repetition of
specific offenses;
 Distinguish minor violations from those which endanger public health, safety, and welfare or
contaminate the water resources; and,
 Inform the public of likely penalties which may be imposed for proscribed conduct. 31
Any WMD may impose disciplinary action without regard to where or in which WMD the activity took
place.32
Water well contracting unlicensed activity is also subject to criminal penalties as is engaging in willful or
repeated violations of laws or rules for activities which endanger public health, safety and welfare. 33
25 S. 373.308(1), F.S. Some WMDs delegate drinking water well oversight to local county health department s or other entities. DOH,
Well Construction in Florida, supra note 4.
26 DOH, Find Your Well Permitting Agency, Florida's Local Well Permitting Agencies Lookup (arcgis.com) (last visited Feb. 2, 2024).
27 DOH, Water Well Permitting Responsible Agency (July 24, 2023), countyprograms-well-permitting1.pdf (floridahealth.gov) (last
visited Feb. 2, 2024).
28 S. 373.333(2), F.S.
29 S. 373.333(3), F.S.
30 S. 373.333(1), F.S.
31 373.333(1)(a) – (c), F.S.
32 S. 373.333(1), F.S. (flush left provision).
33 S. 373.336(3), F.S., provides that violations are punishable as a misdemeanor in the second degree. Continued violations are treated
as separate, by day, counts.
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 Onsite Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems
The proper treatment and disposal or reuse of domestic wastewater is an important part of protecting
Florida’s water resources. A person generates approximately 100 gallons of domestic wastewater 34 per
day.35 This wastewater must be managed to protect public health, water quality, recreation, fish, wildlife
and the aesthetic appeal of the state’s waterways.36 The majority of Florida’s domestic wastewater is
controlled and treated by centralized treatment facilities regulated by DEP. However, there are an
estimated 2.6 million onsite sewage treatment and disposal systems (OSTDSs) in Florida, providing
wastewater disposal for 30 percent of the state’s population. 37
An OSTDS, commonly referred to as a “septic system,” generally consist of two basic parts: the septic
tank and the drainfield.38 Waste from toilets, sinks, washing machines and showers flows through a
pipe into the septic tank, where anaerobic bacteria break the solids into a liquid form. The liquid portion
of the wastewater flows into the drainfield, which is generally a series of perforated pipes or panels
surrounded by lightweight materials such as gravel or Styrofoam. The drainfield provides a secondary
treatment where aerobic bacteria continue deactivating the germs. The drainfield also filters the
wastewater, as gravity draws the water down through the soil layers. 39
40
In a conventional OSTDS, a septic tank does not reduce nitrogen from the raw sewage. Approximately
30-40 percent of the nitrogen levels are reduced in the drainfield of a system that is installed 24 inches
or more from groundwater in Florida.41 This still leaves a significant amount of nitrogen to percolate into
the groundwater which makes nitrogen from OSTDSs a potential contaminant in groundwater. 42
34 S. 367.021(5), F.S., defines “domestic wastewater” as wastewater principally from dwellings, business buildings, institutions and
sanitary wastewater or sewage treatment plants.
35 DEP, Domestic Wastewater Program, https://floridadep.gov/water/domestic-wastewater (last visited Feb. 2, 2024).
36 Ss. 381.0065(1) and 403.021, F.S.
37 DEP, Onsite Sewage Program, https://floridadep.gov/water/onsite-sewage (last visited Feb. 7, 2024).
38 DOH, Septic System Information and Care (last updated Oct. 17, 2014), http://columbia.floridahealth.gov/programs -and-
services/environmental-health/onsite-sewage-disposal/septic-information-and-care.html (last visited Feb. 2, 2024); Environmental
Protection Agency (EPA), Types of Septic Systems (last updated Aug. 7, 2023), https://www.epa.gov/septic/types-septic-systems (last
visited Feb. 2, 2024).
39 Id.
40 Id.
41 DOH, Florida Onsite Sewage Nitrogen Reduction Strategies Study, Final Report 2008-2015, p. 18 (Dec. 31 2015),
https://www.floridahealth.gov/environmental-health/onsite-sewage/research/finalnitrogenlegislativereportsmall.pdf (last visited Feb.
2, 2024); see r. 62-6.006(2), F.A.C.
42 UF/IFAS, Onsite Sewage Treatment and Disposal Systems: Nitrogen, p. 3 (Oct. 29 2020),
http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pdffiles/SS/SS55000.pdf (last visited Feb. 2, 2024).
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 In Florida, development in some areas is dependent on OSTDSs due to the cost and time it takes to
install central sewer systems.43 For example, in rural areas and low-density developments, central
sewer systems are not cost-effective. Less than 1 percent of OSTDSs are actively managed under
operating permits and maintenance agreements.44 The remainder of systems are generally serviced
only when they fail, often leading to cost