The Florida Senate
BILL ANALYSIS AND FISCAL IMPACT STATEMENT
(This document is based on the provisions contained in the legislation as of the latest date listed below.)
Prepared By: The Professional Staff of the Committee on Transportation
BILL: CS/SB 332
INTRODUCER: Transportation Committee and Senator Burgess
SUBJECT: Wrecker Operators
DATE: January 24, 2024 REVISED:
ANALYST STAFF DIRECTOR REFERENCE ACTION
1. Shutes Vickers TR Fav/CS
2. CA
3. FP
Please see Section IX. for Additional Information:
COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE - Substantial Changes
I. Summary:
CS/SB 332 makes several changes to laws related to towing and storage operations, including
allowable fees, responsibility for storage where an investigating agency has ordered a vehicle be
held, and requirements for the sale of unclaimed vehicles. Specifically, the bill:
 Requires counties and municipalities to establish maximum rates that may be charged for the
storage of electric vehicles or alternative fuel motor vehicles and provides that those rates
may exceed the rate charged for vehicles that run solely on gasoline or diesel fuels.
 Provides that if a vehicle is stored at a wrecker operator’s facility more than 30 days, the
person, entity, or agency that orders the vehicle to be stored for evidentiary purposes at the
wrecker operator’s storage facility must take possession of the vehicle within 30 days after
the first day of storage.
 Authorizes wrecker operators to charge actual cost plus 10 percent for the cleanup,
containment, and disposal of pollution and hazardous materials, including incidents involving
an electric vehicle.
 Provides that a “governmental entity” (currently law enforcement agency) has specified
authority related to liens for recovering, towing, or storing vehicles and vessels.
 Changes the posting requirement for the publication of the notice of sale of a vehicle from a
newspaper in the county in which the sale is to be held to a central database or online format
approved or operated by the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles.
This bill takes effect October 1, 2025.
BILL: CS/SB 332 Page 2
II. Present Situation:
Towing Fees
A county, municipality, or other entity of a local government may not adopt an ordinance or a
rule that imposes price controls upon lawful business activities that is not franchised by, owned
by, or under contract with, the governmental agency, unless specifically provided by general
law.1 Florida law does not prevent the enactment by local governments of public service rates
otherwise authorized by law, including rates for towing of vehicles or vessels from or
immobilization of vehicles or vessels on private property, or rates for removal and storage of
wrecked or disabled vehicles or vessels from an accident scene or the removal and storage of
vehicles or vessels in the event the owner or operator is incapacitated, unavailable, leaves the
procurement of wrecker service to the law enforcement officer at the scene, or otherwise does
not consent to the removal of the vehicle or vessel.2
Counties and municipalities must establish maximum rates that may be charged on the towing of
vehicles or vessels. If a municipality chooses to enact an ordinance establishing the maximum
rates for the towing or immobilization of vehicles or vessels, the county’s ordinance does not
apply within such municipality.3 The Florida Highway Patrol is authorized to establish
maximum rates for the towing and storage of motor vehicles where such rates have not been set
by a county or municipality.4
Handling of Damaged Electric Vehicles
The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has issued guidance for the
handling of electric and hybrid-electric vehicles equipped with high-voltage batteries in certain
situations.5 The guidance provides that in the event of damage, fire, or flooding involving an
electric vehicles or hybrid-electric vehicle:
 Assume that the high-voltage battery and the associated components are energized and fully
charged;
 Exposed electrical components, wires, and high voltage batteries present potential high
voltage shock hazards;
 Venting/off-gassing high voltage battery vapors are potentially flammable;
 Physical damage to vehicle or high voltage battery may result in immediate or delayed
release of toxic and/or flammable gases and fire; and
 A high voltage battery in a flooded vehicle may have high voltage and shot circuits that can
shock and cause fires.
1
Sections 125.0103 and 166.043, F.S.
2
Id.
3
Id.
4
Section 321.051, F.S.
5
U.S Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Interim Guidance for Electric and
Hybrid-Electric Vehicles (March 2014).
BILL: CS/SB 332 Page 3
In a post incident situation, the NHTSA guidance recommends to not store a severely damaged
vehicle with a lithium-ion battery inside a structure or within 50 feet of any structure, vehicle, or
combustible, and to ensure that the vehicle compartments remain well ventilated.6
Vehicle Holds by Investigating Agencies
Section 323.001, F.S., states that a hold may be placed on a towed vehicle under certain
conditions. An investigating agency is authorized to place a hold on a motor vehicle stored
within a wrecker operator’s storage facility for no more than five days, excluding holidays and
weekends, unless the hold is extended in writing. If the hold is extended past the five days, the
investigating agency may remove the vehicle to a designated impound lot. The vehicle is not
released until proof of payment of the towing and storage fees are presented to the investigating
agency. If the investigating agency does not remove the vehicle from the wrecker’s facility, the
investigating agency is responsible for the storage charges incurred for the requested extended
time. In such case, the owner or lienholder is responsible for payment of the towing and storage
charges for the first five days, or any period less than the first five days, when the investigating
agency moves the vehicle or provides written notification to hold past the five days.7
The investigating agency who ordered the hold must pay the accrued charges for any towing or
storage when there is a judicial finding of no probable cause or having continued the
immobilization or impoundment. The vehicle owner must pay the accrued towing and storage
charges against the vehicle if the person is found guilty of, or please nolo contendere to, the
offense that resulted in the hold, regardless of the adjudication of guilt.8
Liens for Recovering, Towing, or Storing Vehicles and Vessels
Liens are claims against property that evidence a debt, obligation, or duty. Liens can be created
by judgment, equity, agreement, or statute. The rights and duties of a lienholder depend on the
type of lien created and are generally set out in the order, agreement, or statute creating the lien.
Liens on a vehicle or vessel for towing and storage charges are created in statute.9
A wrecker operator who claims a lien is required to give notice, by certified mail, to the
registered owner, the insurance company insuring the vehicle, and all persons claiming a lien, as
disclosed by the records in the Department of Highway Safety and Motor Vehicles (DHSMV) or
as disclosed by the records of any corresponding agency in any other state in which the vehicle is
identified through a records check.
A towing-storage operator currently must use a third-party service10 approved by the DHSMV to
transmit the notice (as well as any other notices required under s. 713.78, F.S.). If there is no
6
Id.
7
Section 323.001(2), F.S.
8
Section 323.001(7), F.S.
9
Section 713.78, F.S.
10
The term “third-party service” is defined in s. 713.78(16)(a), F.S., to mean a qualified business entity that, upon a request
submitted through a website by an operator: 1) Accesses the National Motor Vehicle Title Information System records to
obtain the last state of record of the vehicle; 2) Accesses the owner, lienholder, and insurer information, as applicable, for a
vehicle or vessel from the DHSMV; 3) Electronically generates the notices required of a towing-storage operator through the
website; 4) Prints and sends the notices to each owner, lienholder, and insurer of record by certified mail; 5) Electronically
BILL: CS/SB 332 Page 4
approved service, the operator may mail the notice and provide evidence of compliance upon
application for a certificate of title.11 The notice of lien must be sent by certified mail within
seven business days after the date of storage of the vehicle or vessel.12 A lienor or its agent may
charge an administrative fee13 to the registered owner or other person claiming a lien against the
vehicle or vessel for a release from the lien, not to exceed $250.14
If a law enforcement agency authorized a towing-storage operator to remove a vehicle or vessel,
or a towing-storage operator notifies a law enforcement agency of possession of a towed vehicle
or vessel,15 the law enforcement agency where the vehicle or vessel is stored must contact the
DHSMV, or the appropriate agency in the state of registration, if known, within 24 hours and
provide a full description of the vehicle or vessel.16 The DHSMV, or appropriate state agency,
must search its records to determine the identity of the owner, the company insuring the vehicle
or vessel, and any lienholders and provide the information to the law enforcement agency within
72 hours.17 The towing-storage operator must obtain such information from the law enforcement
agency within 5 days after the date of storage and provide the required notice.18
If a towing-storage operator is unsuccessful in locating the name and address of the owner or
other lienholder, the operator must, after seven business days after the initial tow or storage,
notify the jurisdictional entity where the vehicle or vessel is stored, in writing by certified mail or
acknowledged hand delivery, that the operator has been unable to locate the name and address, a
physical search of the vehicle or vessel has revealed no ownership information, and a “good faith
effort”19 has been made, including a records check of the DHSMV database and of the National
Motor Vehicle Title Information System (NMVTIS).20 Failure of the towing-storage operator to
make a good faith effort to identify the owner or lienholder of the vehicle or vessel precludes the
towing-storage operator from assessing any storage charges.
returns tracking information or other proof of mailing and delivery of the notices to the towing-storage operator; and 6)
Electronically reports to the DHSMV via an electronic data exchange process certain information related to the towing and
storage notice.
11
Section 713.78(16), F.S.
12
Section 713.78(4)(a) and (c), F.S.
13
Defined to mean a lien fee or any fee imposed by the lienor or the lienor’s agent for administrative costs added to the
amount due for towing and storing the vehicle or vessel. Section 713.78(15)(a), F.S.
14
Id.
15
Within 30 minutes after completion of a tow or removal from private property without the consent of the registered owner
or other legally authorized person, a towing-storage operator must notify the municipal police department, or, in an
unincorporated area, the sheriff, of the tow or removal, the storage site, the time of the tow or removal, and the make, model,
color, and license plate number of the vehicle or description and registration number of the vessel. S. 715.07(2)(a)2., F.S.
16
Section 713.78(4)(b), F.S.
17
Id.
18
Id.
19
Section 713.78(5)(e), F.S., defines the term to mean that the operator has performed a list of “checks” of items such as
searching specified databases and information systems; looking for any type of tag, tag record, temporary or regular tag on
the vehicle or vessel; or looking for the vehicle identification number or the vessel registration number.
20
“The National Motor Vehicle Title Information System (NMVTIS) is a system that allows the titling agency to instantly
and reliably verify the information on the paper title with the electronic data from the state that issued the title.” See
AAMVA, National Motor Vehicle Title Information System (NMVTIS), available at
https://www.aamva.org/technology/systems/vehicle-systems/nmvtis# (last visited December 19, 2023).
BILL: CS/SB 332 Page 5
Required Notice for Sale of Vehicles and Vessels
A towing-storage operator may sell at public sale a stored vehicle or vessel that remains
unclaimed, or for which charges for recovery, towing, or storage remain unpaid, after:
 35 days from the date of storage if the vehicle or vessel is more than three years old;
 50 days from the date of storage if the vehicle or vessel is three years old or less.21
If the date of the sale was not included in the notice of claim of lien, the towing-storage operator
must send a notice of sale by certified mail, no less than 30 days before the date of the sale, to:
 The person in whose name the vehicle or vessel is registered; and
 All persons claiming a lien on the vehicle or vessel as shown in the records of DHSMV or
any corresponding agency in any other state in which the vehicle is identified as being titled
by a records check of NMVTIS or an equivalent commercially available system. 22
The notice must have clearly identified and printed, if the claim of lien is for a motor vehicle, the
last eight digits of the VIN of the motor vehicle subject to the lien, or, if the claim of lien is for a
vessel, the hull identification number of the vessel subject to the lien, in the delivery address box
and on the outside of the envelope sent to the registered owner and all other persons claiming an
interest therein or lien thereon.23 The towing-storage operator must also publish notice of the
time and place of the sale, at least ten days before the date of the sale, in a newspaper of general
circulation in the county where the sale will occur.24
III. Effect of Proposed Changes:
Fees Associated with Electric Vehicles and Cleanup/Disposal
The bill amends ss. 125.0103 and 166.043, F.S., to require counties and municipalities to
establish maximum rates that may be charged by a wrecker operator for the storage of electric
vehicles or alternative fuel motor vehicles in the wrecker operator’s storage facilities. Those rates
for storing electric vehicles may exceed that rate that is charged for storing vehicles that run
solely on gasoline or diesel fuels.
The bill creates s. 323.003, F.S., to provide that a wrecker operator may charge actual cost plus
10 percent for the cleanup, containment, and disposal of pollution and hazardous materials. A
wrecker operator may also charge actual cost plus 10 percent for any cleanup and disposal
necessary after an accident, fire, or any accidental discharge of hazardous materials or debris
associated with electric vehicles.
Vehicle Holds by Investigating Agencies
The bill amends s. 323.001(7), F.S., to provide that if a vehicle is stored at a wrecker operator’s
storage facility for more than 30 days, the person, entity, or agency that orders the vehicle to be
stored for evidentiary purposes (typically a law enforcement agency or state attorney’s office) at
21
Section 713.78(6), F.S.
22
Id.
23
Id.
24
Section 713.78(6), F.S.
BILL: CS/SB 332 Page 6
the wrecker operator’s storage facility must take possession of the vehicle within 30 days after
the first day of storage.
Liens for Recovering, Towing, or Storing Vehicles or Vessels
The bill amends s. 713.78, F.S., to remove reference to “law enforcement agency” and replace it
with the term “governmental entity”. The bill does not define, for purposes of this section,
entities that are considered governmental entities. Presumably, this change is intended to expand
the number and type of governmental entities that are empowered to authorize the removal of a
vehicle or vessel in specified situations.
Required Notice for Sale of Vehicles and Vessels
The bill changes the posting requirement for the publication of the notice of sale from a
newspaper in the county in which the sale is to be held to