HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES STAFF ANALYSIS
BILL #: CS/HB 1189 Monuments
SPONSOR(S): State Administration & Technology Appropriations Subcommittee, Salzman
TIED BILLS: IDEN./SIM. BILLS: SB 1020
REFERENCE ACTION ANALYST STAFF DIRECTOR or
BUDGET/POLICY CHIEF
1) Constitutional Rights, Rule of Law & 15 Y, 0 N Wagoner Miller
Government Operations Subcommittee
2) State Administration & Technology 13 Y, 0 N, As CS Helpling Topp
Appropriations Subcommittee
3) State Affairs Committee 18 Y, 0 N Wagoner Williamson
SUMMARY ANALYSIS
The Capitol Complex in Tallahassee includes the Capitol Building, the Historic Capitol, Senate Office Building,
House Office Building, Knott Building, Pepper Building, and the Holland Building. The Capitol Complex is under
the general control and supervision of the Department of Management Services (DMS), which includes the
management and maintenance of both the grounds and buildings. DMS is authorized to allocate space to
house various departments, agencies, boards, and commissions in state buildings other than the Supreme
Court Building.
DMS must set aside an area of the Capitol Complex on which authorized monuments must be placed. The
construction and placement of a monument on the premises of the Capitol Complex is prohibited unless
authorized by law. DMS must coordinate with the Division of Historical Resources of the Department of State
regarding a monument’s design and placement.
The bill establishes the Florida Space Exploration Monument to be administered by DMS. DMS, in consultation
with Space Florida, must establish a contest for individuals to submit designs for the monument and must
appoint a selection committee to choose the design. The bill requires DMS to develop a plan for the design,
cost, creation, and proper placement of the monument on the premises of the Capitol Complex, and to submit
the plan to the Governor and Legislature by July 1, 2024.
The bill may have a minimal negative fiscal impact on state government. See Fiscal Comments.
This docum ent does not reflect the intent or official position of the bill sponsor or House of Representatives .
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 FULL ANALYSIS
I. SUBSTANTIVE ANALYSIS
A. EFFECT OF PROPOSED CHANGES:
Present Situation
Florida’s Role in Space Exploration
The state of Florida has a long history connected to space exploration. Congress established the
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on October 1, 1958.1 Project Mercury was the
first human spaceflight program of the United States. The goals of the program were to place a manned
spacecraft in orbit around Earth, investigate man’s performance capabilities and ability to function in
space, and recover both man and spacecraft safely. Alan B. Shepard, Jr., was America’s first man in
space, launched in 1961 from Cape Canaveral, Florida. After consideration, Cape Canaveral was
chosen by NASA in 1961 as the space launch center for the Apollo program, which was tasked with
putting a human on the moon. On July 20, 1969, Apollo 11, commanded by Neil Armstrong, along with
Lunar Module Plot Edwin “Buzz” Aldrin, Jr., landed on the moon, while Command Module Pilot Michael
Collins orbited above in the command ship, Columbia.2
Between the first launch on April 12, 1981, and the final landing on July 21, 2011, NASA's space shuttle
fleet, Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis, and Endeavour, flew 135 missions, launched,
recovered, and repaired satellites, conducted cutting-edge research, and helped construct the
International Space Station. From the launch of the first space shuttle, NASA continued to set high
marks of achievement and endurance through 30 years of missions. The final space shuttle mission,
STS-135, ended July 21, 2011, when Atlantis rolled to a stop at its home port, NASA's Kennedy Space
Center.3
While NASA is working towards returning astronauts to the Moon, continuing the exploration of Mars,
and developing new technology to make supersonic aircraft fly longer and faster,4 private sector
entrepreneurs are looking for opportunities in space.5
Space Florida
Space Florida was created under the Space Florida Act 6 as an independent special district, a body
politic and corporate and subdivision of state government in 2006. 7 Space Florida is directed to
promote aerospace business development by facilitating business financing, spaceport operations,
research and development, workforce development, and innovative education programs. 8 Space
Florida is governed by a 13-member independent board of directors, consisting of members of the
board of Enterprise Florida, Inc., appointed by the Governor, the President of the Senate, and the
1 National Aeronautics and Space Act of 1958 (Pub. L. 85-568). The Act converted the National Advisory Committee for
Aeronautics (NACA), created in 1915, into NASA. From 1915 to 1958, NACA was instrumental in many developments and
advancements in flight for the United States. For example, NACA research was key to the development of the laminar
flow wing that led to the development of one of the premier air superiority fighters of the Second World War, the P -51
Mustang. See at https://www.nasa.gov/ames/the-national-advisory-committee-for-aeronautics,
https://history.nasa.gov/naca/overview.html, and https://www.britannica.com/technology/P-51 (all last visited March 10,
2023).
2 NASA and the Space Program Change Florida, Florida Memory, State library and Archives of Florida.
https://www.floridamemory.com/onlineclassroom/nasa/photos/# (last visited March 10, 2023).
3 NASA Overview, Space Shuttle Era, https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/ flyout/index.html, (last visited March
10, 2023).
4 What’s Next for NASA; https://www.nasa.gov/about/ whats_next.html, (last visited March 10, 2023).
5 See 10 Major Players in the Private Sector Space Race, by Nicholas Gerbis; https://science.howstuffworks.com/10-
major-players-in-private-sector-space-race.htm, (last visited March 10, 2023).
6 Ch. 2006-60, Laws of Fla.; See ch. 331, F.S
7 S. 331.302, F.S.
8 Id.
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 Speaker of the House of Representatives, and the Governor serves ex officio or appoints a designee to
serve as the chair and voting member.9 The vision of Space Florida is where “Florida is the leading
global and interplanetary center for sustainable aerospace commerce.” 10
Management of the Capitol Center
Chapter 272, F.S., provides that the Capitol Center11 is under the general control and supervision of the
Department of Management Services (DMS),12 which includes the management and maintenance of
both the grounds and buildings.13 DMS is authorized to allocate space in the specified buildings to
house various departments, agencies, boards, and commissions except the Supreme Court Building. 14
Additionally, DMS has authority to provide for the establishment of parks, walkways, and parkways on
the grounds of the Capitol Center.15 This responsibility has historically included assistance in
establishing and maintaining public memorials throughout the Capitol Center, including project
management and oversight of the design and construction of memorials. 16
The Capitol Complex includes:
that portion of Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida, commonly referred to as the Capitol,
the Historic Capitol, the Senate Office Building, the House Office Building, the Knott
Building, the Pepper Building, the Holland Building, and the curtilage of each, including
the state-owned lands and public streets adjacent thereto within an area bounded by
and including Monroe Street, Jefferson Street, Duval Street, and Gaines Street. The
term shall also include the State Capital Circle Office Complex located in Leon County,
Florida.17
DMS is responsible for the management, maintenance, and upkeep of the Capital Complex. DMS has
authority to employ a superintendent of the grounds and other employees, and to designate or appoint
a nonsalaried advisory committee to advise them.18
Capitol Complex Monuments
A monument is defined as “a marker, statue, sculpture, plaque, or other artifice, including living plant
material, placed in remembrance or recognition of a significant person or event in Florida history.” 19
DMS must set aside an area of the Capitol Complex to dedicate a memorial garden on which
authorized monuments must be placed.20 The construction and placement of a monument on the
premises of the Capitol Complex is prohibited unless authorized by general law. Additionally, the
construction and placement of a monument on the premises of the Capitol Complex must be approved,
after considering the recommendations of DMS and the Florida Historical Commission,21 by the:
 Governor, or his or her designee.
 Attorney General, or his or her designee.
 Chief Financial Officer, or his or her designee.
9 S. 331.3081, F.S.
10 About Space Florida, www.spaceflorida.gov/about/ (last visited March 10, 2023).
11 Section 272.12, F.S., defines the Capitol Center as the area bound by South Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard, East and West
College Avenue, Franklin Boulevard, East Jefferson Street, and the Seaboard Coastline Railway right -of-way as the Capitol Center.
12 S. 272.03, F.S
13 S. 272.09, F.S.
14 S. 727.04, F.S.
15 S. 272.07, F.S
16 Department of Management Services, Agency Analysis of 2014 Senate Bill 608, p. 2 (Feb. 19, 2014).
17 S. 281.01, F.S. The Caldwell Building lies within the bounded area described in current law, but is not specifically named in statutes
and therefore not considered as part of the Capitol Complex.
18 S. 272.09, F.S.
19 S. 265.111(1), F.S.
20 S. 265.111(3), F.S.
21 Section 267.0612(9), F.S. requires the Florida Historical Commission to provide on the design and placement of monuments to be
placed on the premises of the Capitol Complex.
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  Commissioner of Agriculture, or his or her designee.
 President of the Senate, or his or her designee.
 Speaker of the House of Representatives, or his or her designee. 22
To date, there have been 13 memorials authorized in Florida Statute. Of the 13, eight have been
completed, two have been funded and are in the design stage, and three have not been funded or
completed. The following chart shows each statutorily authorized memorial. 23
Current Status of Funded Year
Memorial Statutory Authority Y/N Authorized Status
Florida Women’s Hall of Fame 265.001 Y 1992 Completed
Florida Medal of Honor Wall 265.002 Y 1996 Completed
Florida Veterans’ Hall of Fame 265.003 Y 2011 Completed
POW-MIA Chair of Honor Memorial 265.00301 Y 2014 Completed-2022
Florida Veterans’ Walk of Honor and
Florida Veterans’ Memorial Garden 265.0031 N 2014 TBD
Florida Tourism Hall of Fame 265.004 Y 2014 Completed
Florida Law Enforcement Officers’ Hall of
Fame 265.0041 Y 2014 Completed
Florida Holocaust Memorial 265.005 Y 2016 In Design
Florida Slavery Memorial 265.006 Y 2018 In Design
Arthur G. Dozier School for Boys
Memorial (Dozier School, Marianna) 265.007 Y 2017 Completed-2023
Arthur G. Dozier School for Boys
Memorial (Florida Capitol) 265.007 Y 2017 Designed
POW-MIA Vietnam Veterans Bracelet
Memorial 265.008 Y 2021 Completed-2021
Beirut Monument 265.111 N 2014 TBD
Division of Historical Resources
The Division of Historical Resources within the Department of State is charged with encouraging
identification, evaluation, protection, preservation, collection, conservation, and interpretation of
information about Florida’s historic sites and properties or objects related to Florida’s history and
culture.24 This includes cooperating with, advising, and assisting federal and state agencies in pursuit of
historic preservation.25
Florida Historical Commission
The Florida Historical Commission (Commission) was established in 2001 to enhance public
participation and involvement in the preservation and protection of the state's historic and
archaeological sites and properties.26 The Commission is part of the Department of State and is tasked
with advising and assisting the Division of Historical Resources in carrying out its programs, duties, and
responsibilities.27 The Commission must provide assistance, advice, and recommendations to the
Division of Historical Resources in a variety of areas, including providing recommendations to DMS on
22 S. 265.111(2), F.S.
23 Email from Patrick Gillespie, Deputy Secretary of Business Operations, DMS, RE: Monuments (Mar. 6, 2023).
24 S. 20.1(2)(b), F.S.
25 S. 267.031, F.S.
26 Chapter 2001-199, L.O.F.
27 S. 267.0612, F.S.
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 the design of monuments authorized by general law and placement on the premises of the Capitol
Complex.28
Effect of Proposed Changes
The bill provides that it is the intent of the Legislature to recognize the importance of the role of this
state, and its past, current, and future contributions, in space exploration, and to honor the contribution
of individuals and their families for their impact on the Untied State’s achievements in space.
The bill establishes the Florida Space Exploration Monument to be administered by DMS. The bill
requires DMS, in consultation with Space Florida, to establish a contest for individuals who wish to
submit a design for the monument and requires DMS and Space Florida to appoint a selection
committee to choose the design of the monument.
The bill requires DMS to develop a plan for the design, placement, and cost of the monument, which
must include the designation of the appropriate public area on the premises of the Capitol Complex to
place the monument. DMS must consider the recommendations of the Florida Historical Comm ission
and coordinate with the Division of Historical Resources in developing the plan. The bill also requires
the plan to include the dates for the design contest and the timeframe for the selection committee to
review and select a design. DMS must submit the plan to the Governor, the President of the Senate,
and the Speaker of the House of Representatives by July 1, 2024.
B. SECTION DIRECTORY:
Section 1 Creates s. 265.009, F.S., establishing the Florida Space Exploration Monument.
Section 2 Provides an effective date of July 1, 2023.
II. FISCAL ANALYSIS & ECONOMIC IMPACT STATEMENT
A. FISCAL IMPACT ON STATE GOVERNMENT:
1. Revenues:
None.
2. Expenditures:
See Fiscal Comments.
B. FISCAL IMPACT ON LOCAL GOVERNMENTS:
1. Revenues:
None.
2. Expenditures:
None.
C. DIRECT ECONOMIC IMPACT ON PRIVATE SECTOR:
None.
D. FISCAL COMMENTS:
The cost for DMS to develop the plan for the monument is indeterminate, but likely insignificant. The bill
does not include an appropriation for building the monument. After design is complete, DMS will need
to request funding from the Legislature through the Legislative Budget Request process.
28 S. 267.0612(9), F.S. See s. 265.111, F.S.
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 III. COMMENTS
A. CONSTITUTIONAL ISSUES:
1. Applicability of Municipality/County Mandates Provision:
Not applicable. This bill does not appear to affect county or municipal governments.
2. Other:
None.
B. RULE-MAKING AUTHORITY:
None.
C. DRAFTING ISSUES OR OTHER COMMENTS:
None.
IV. AMENDMENTS/COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE CHANGES
On March 29, 2023, the State Administration & Technology Appropriations Subcommittee adopted one
amendment and reported the bill favorably as a committee substitute. The committee substitute removes the
limitation that