The Florida Senate
BILL ANALYSIS AND FISCAL IMPACT STATEMENT
(This document is based on the provisions contained in the legislation as of the latest date listed below.)
Prepared By: The Professional Staff of the Committee on Fiscal Policy
BILL: SB 1020
INTRODUCER: Senator Wright
SUBJECT: Monuments
DATE: April 24, 2023 REVISED:
ANALYST STAFF DIRECTOR REFERENCE ACTION
1. Lloyd Proctor MS Favorable
2. Davis Betta AEG Favorable
3. Lloyd Yeatman FP Favorable
I. Summary:
SB 1020 establishes a Florida Space Exploration Monument to recognize the importance of the
state of Florida, and its past, current, and future contributions, in space exploration; to honor the
state’s residents for their role in humanity’s most daring journey of space exploration; and to
honor the contribution of all individuals and their families who have gone unrecognized for their
contributions to the United States’ achievements in space. The Department of Management
Services (DMS) is to administer the monument.
The DMS, in consultation with Space Florida, must establish a contest for the monument’s
design and appoint a selection committee to choose the design. Any competition between
sculptors or artists for the design must be limited to sculptors and artists domiciled in Florida. By
July 1, 2024, the DMS must submit its plan for the design, placement, and cost of the memorial.
The bill may have an indeterminate, likely insignificant, negative fiscal impact to the DMS. See
Section V. Fiscal Impact Statement.
The bill provides an effective date of July 1, 2023.
II. Present Situation:
Florida’s Role in Space Exploration
Florida has a long history connected to space exploration. President Dwight D. Eisenhower
established the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) on October 1, 1958.
Project Mercury was the first human spaceflight program of the United States. The goals of the
program were to place a manned spacecraft in orbit around Earth, investigate man’s performance
capabilities and ability to function in space, and recover both man and spacecraft safely. Alan B.
Shepard, Jr., was America’s first man in space, launched in 1961, from Cape Canaveral, Florida.
BILL: SB 1020 Page 2
After consideration, Cape Canaveral was chosen by NASA in 1961, as the space launch center
for the Apollo program which was tasked with putting a human on the moon. On July 20, 1969,
Apollo 11, commanded by Neil Armstrong, along with Lunar Module Pilot Edwin “Buzz”
Aldrin, Jr., landed on the moon, while Command Module Pilot Michael Collins orbited above in
the command ship, Columbia.1 Commemorative medallions were left behind by the Apollo 11
crew in remembrance of the three astronauts who had lost their lives in the Apollo 1 fire and for
two cosmonauts who had also died in space-related accidents.2
Between the first launch on April 12, 1981, and the final landing on July 21, 2011, NASA's
space shuttle fleet, Columbia, Challenger, Discovery, Atlantis and Endeavour, flew 135 missions
and helped construct the International Space Station. The final space shuttle mission, STS-135,
ended July 21, 2011, when Atlantis rolled to a stop at its home port, NASA's Kennedy Space
Center.3 NASA retired its space shuttle fleet in four locations:
 Shuttle Atlantis – Kennedy Space Center Visitor Complex (Florida);
 Shuttle Discovery – Steven F. Udvar-Hazy Center (Virginia);
 Shuttle Endeavor – California Science Center; and
 Shuttle Enterprise – Intrepid Sea, Air & Space Museum (New York).4
NASA is working towards returning astronauts to the Moon, including the first woman to the
moon, continuing the exploration of Mars, and developing new technology to make supersonic
aircraft fly more quietly.5 In the meantime, private sector entrepreneurs are also working with
NASA to accomplish these goals and more through public sector challenges and awards such as
the X Prize,6 competing for more opportunities in space, both through commercial ventures and
public sector clients.7
Space Florida
Space Florida was created under the Space Florida Act8 as an independent special district, a body
politic and corporate, and subdivision of state government in 2006, by the Governor and
Legislature.9 Space Florida promotes aerospace business development by facilitating business
financing, spaceport operations, research and development, workforce development, and
innovative education programs.10 The size and composition of the Board of Directors is
1
NASA and the Space Program Change Florida, Florida Memory, State library and Archives of Florida, available at
https://www.floridamemory.com/onlineclassroom/nasa/photos/# (Last visited March 3, 2023).
2
Apollo 11 Mission Overview, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, available at
https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/apollo/missions/apollo11.html (Last visited March 3, 2023).
3
NASA Overview, Space Shuttle Era, available at https://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/shuttle/flyout/index.html, (Last
visited March 3, 2023).
4
Space Shuttle, Retired Space Shuttle Locations, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, available at
https://www.nasa.gov/topics/shuttle_station/features/shuttle_map.html, (Last visited March 3, 2023).
5
What’s Next for NASA, available at https://www.nasa.gov/about/whats_next.html, (Last visited March 3, 2023).
6
The X Prize was offered by the X Prize Foundation and in 2004, Microsoft co-founder and aerospace engineer Burt Rata
won the $10 million prize for building a spacecraft that could carry three people 100 kilometers above the Earth’s surface.
See infra note 7.
7
See 10 Major Players in the Private Sector Space Race, by Nicholas Gerbis, available at
https://science.howstuffworks.com/10-major-players-in-private-sector-space-race.htm, (Last visited March 3, 2023).
8
Ch. 2006-60, L.O.F.; see ch. 331, F.S
9
Section 331.302, F.S.
10
Section 331.302, F.S.
BILL: SB 1020 Page 3
established by statute under s. 331.3081, F.S. A 13 member independent board of directors is
created consisting of the members appointed to the board of directors of Enterprise Florida, Inc.,
consisting of:
 The Governor, who shall serve ex officio, or appoint a designee to serve, as the chair and
voting member;
 Six members appointed by the Governor;
 Three members appointed by the President of the Senate; and
 Three members appointed by the Speaker of the House of Representatives.
Members appointed by the Governor are subject to Senate confirmation.11
A part of the mission statement of Space Florida is to drive Florida’s economic development
across the global aerospace enterprise creating high value added businesses and jobs in Florida.
Additionally, Space Florida seeks to accomplish its other statutory duties to:
 Create marketing campaigns focused on aerospace businesses which would lead to higher
retention rates among both the employees and businesses;
 Coordinate with public and other private entities to develop space tourism marketing plans;
 Develop financial and technical assistance plans and assemble experts in aerospace
engineering; and
 Carry out its responsibilities towards the successful development and operation of the Space
Florida’s goals.12,13
Managing the Capitol Center
Chapter 272, F.S., provides that the Capitol Center14 is under the general control and supervision
of the Department of Management Services (DMS),15 which includes the management and
maintenance of both the grounds and buildings.16 The DMS is authorized to allocate space in the
specified buildings to house various departments, agencies, boards, and commissions except the
Supreme Court Building.17 Additionally, the DMS has the authority to provide for the
establishment of parks, walkways, and parkways on the grounds of the Capitol Center.18 This
responsibility has historically included assistance in establishing and maintaining public
memorials throughout the Capitol Center, including project management oversight of the design
and construction of memorials.19
The term “Capitol Complex” is defined to include:
11
Sections 331.3081 and 288.901(5)(a)8., F.S.
12
About Space Florida, https://www.spaceflorida.gov/about/ (last visited March. 3, 2023).
13
Section 331.3051, F.S.
14
Section 272.12, F.S., describes the Tallahassee area bound by South Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard, East and West
College Avenue, Franklin Boulevard, East Jefferson Street, and the Seaboard Coastline Railway right-of-way as the Capitol
Center.
15
Section 272.03, F.S.
16
Section 272.09, F.S.
17
Section 272.04, F.S.
18
Section 272.07, F.S.
19
See DMS, 2014 Agency Legislative Bill Analysis for SB 608 at 2 (Feb. 19, 2014) (on file with the Senate Appropriations
Committee).
BILL: SB 1020 Page 4
that portion of Tallahassee, Leon County, Florida, commonly referred to
as the Capitol, the Historic Capitol, the Senate Office Building, the House
Office Building, the Knott Building, the Pepper Building, the Holland
Building, and the curtilage of each, including the state-owned lands and
public streets adjacent thereto within an area bounded by and including
Monroe Street, Jefferson Street, Duval Street, and Gaines Street. The term
shall also include the State Capital Circle Office Complex located in Leon
County, Florida.20
The management, maintenance, and upkeep of the Capital Complex is the obligation of the
DMS, which has authority to employ a superintendent of the grounds and other employees, and
is authorized to designate or appoint a nonsalaried advisory committee to advise them.21
Capitol Complex Monuments
A monument is defined as “a marker, statue, sculpture, plaque, or other artifice, including living
plant material, placed in remembrance or recognition of a significant person or event in Florida
history.”22 The DMS is required to set aside an area of the Capitol Complex to dedicate a
memorial garden on which authorized monuments must be placed.23 The construction and
placement of a monument on the premises of the Capitol Complex is prohibited unless
authorized by general law. Additionally, the construction and placement of a monument on the
premises of the Capitol Complex must be approved, after considering the recommendations of
DMS and the Florida Historical Commission24, by the following persons:
 The Governor, or his or her designee.
 The Attorney General, or his or her designee.
 The Chief Financial Officer, or his or her designee.
 The Commissioner of Agriculture, or his or her designee.
 The President of the Senate, or his or her designee.
 The Speaker of the House of Representatives, or his or her designee.25
Also, the DMS must coordinate with the Division of Historical Resources of the Department of
State regarding a monument’s design and placement.26
To date, there have been 13 memorials authorized by general law. Of the 13, eight have been
completed, three have been funded, and two have not been funded. The following chart shows
each statutorily authorized memorial.27
20
Section 281.01, F.S. The Caldwell Building lies within the bounded area described in current law, but is not specifically
named in statutes and therefore not considered as part of the Capitol Complex.
21
Section 272.09, F.S.
22
Section 265.111(1), F.S.
23
Section 265.111(3), F.S.
24
The Florida Historical Commission is required to provide recommendations on the design and placement of monuments
authorized by general law pursuant to s. 267.0612(9), F.S.
25
Section 265.111(2), F.S.
26
Id.
27
Email from the Deputy Secretary of Business Operations, Office of the Secretary, Department of Management Services,
RE: Monuments (Mar. 6, 2023).
BILL: SB 1020 Page 5
Statutory Funded Year
Memorial Authority Y/N Authorized Status
Florida Women’s Hall of Fame 265.001 Y 1992 Completed
Florida Medal of Honor Wall 265.002 Y 1996 Completed
Florida Veterans’ Hall of Fame 265.003 Y 2011 Completed
POW-MIA Chair of Honor Memorial 265.00301 Y 2014 Completed-2022
Florida Veterans’ Walk of Honor and
Florida Veterans’ Memorial Garden 265.0031 N 2014 TBD
Florida Tourism Hall of Fame 265.004 Y 2014 Completed
Florida Law Enforcement Officers’ Hall
of Fame 265.0041 Y 2014 Completed
Florida Holocaust Memorial 265.005 Y 2016 In Design
Florida Slavery Memorial 265.006 Y 2018 In Design
Arthur G. Dozier School for Boys 265.007
Memorial (Dozier School, Marianna) Y 2017 Completed-2023
Arthur G. Dozier School for Boys 265.007
Memorial (Florida Capitol) Y 2017 Designed
POW-MIA Vietnam Veterans Bracelet
Memorial 265.008 Y 2021 Completed-2021
Beirut monument 265.111 N 2014 TBD
Division of Historical Resources
The Division of Historical Resources, within the Department of State, is charged with
encouraging identification, evaluation, protection, preservation, collection, conservation, and
interpretation of information about Florida’s historic sites and properties or objects related to
Florida’s history and culture.28 Their efforts include cooperating with, advising and assisting
federal and state agencies in pursuit of historic preservation.29
Florida Historical Commission
The commission was established in 2001, to enhance public participation and involvement in the
preservation and protection of the state's historic and archaeological sites and properties.30 The
commission is part of the Department of State and is tasked with advising and assisting the
Division of Historical Resources in carrying out its programs, duties, and responsibilities.31 The
commission is composed of 11 members of varying backgrounds and interests. Among the
membership, seven are appointed by the Governor in consultation with the Secretary of State,
two by the President of the Senate, and two by the Speaker of the House of Representatives.32
28
Section 20.10(2)(b), F.S.
29
Section 267.031, F.S.
30
Chapter 2001-199, L.O.F.
31
Section 267.0612, F.S.
32
Section 267.0612(1)(a)1., F.S.
BILL: SB 1020 Page 6
The commission is required to provide assistance, advice, and recommendations to the Division
of Historical Resources in a variety of areas. One of those areas involves providing
recommendations to the DMS on the design and placement of monuments authorized by general
law to be placed on the premises of the Capitol Complex pursuant to s. 265.111, F.S.33
III. Effect of Proposed Changes:
Section 1 creates a Florida Space Exploration Monument to recognize:
 The importance of the state’s role, and its past, current, and future contributions in space
exploration;
 To honor state residents for their role in such a daring journey as space exploration; and
 To honor the contribution of all individuals and families who have gone unrecognized
for their impact on the nation’s achievement in space.
The bill establishes the Florida Space Exploration Monument and specifies that it is to be
administered by the DMS. The DMS, in consultation with Space Florida, must establish a contest
for individuals to design the monument. The DMS and Space Florida will appoint a selection
committee to choose the design.
The DMS must develop a plan, taking into consideration the recommendations of the
commission34 and coordinating with the Division of Historical Resources of the Department of
State, and a timeline for the design, placement, and cost of th