The Florida Senate
BILL ANALYSIS AND FISCAL IMPACT STATEMENT
(This document is based on the provisions contained in the legislation as of the latest date listed below.)
Prepared By: The Professional Staff of the Committee on Appropriations
BILL: CS/SB 838
INTRODUCER: Appropriations Committee; and Senator Wright and others
SUBJECT: Fire Investigators
DATE: January 31, 2022 REVISED:
ANALYST STAFF DIRECTOR REFERENCE ACTION
1. Arnold Knudson BI Favorable
2. Hunter Ryon CA Favorable
3. Sanders Sadberry AP Fav/CS
Please see Section IX. for Additional Information:
COMMITTEE SUBSTITUTE - Technical Changes
I. Summary:
CS/SB 838 expands the definition of “firefighter” in section 112.1816, Florida Statutes, related
to cancer diagnoses for firefighters, to include “full-time, Florida-certified fire investigator.”
Upon diagnosis of one of the 21 specific cancers enumerated within section 112.1816, Florida
Statutes, the bill has the effect of making a fire investigator eligible for benefits under the statute.
The benefits are an alternative to pursuing a workers’ compensation claim, and entitle an eligible
firefighter to a one-time cash payout of $25,000, upon the firefighter’s initial diagnosis of cancer,
and cancer treatment with the employer reimbursing the firefighter for any out-of-pocket
deductible, copayment, or coinsurance costs related to the cancer treatment.
Based on the conclusive presumption contained in the statute that the cancer or the resulting
treatment of cancer occurred in-the-line-of-duty, if a firefighter meets the retirement plan’s
definition of totally and permanently disabled due to the cancer or circumstances that arise out of
the treatment of cancer, the firefighter is eligible for enhanced disability benefits either under an
employer-sponsored retirement plan or employer-sponsored disability retirement plan. Likewise,
if the firefighter dies from the cancer or circumstances that arise from the cancer treatment, the
death is conclusively presumed to be in-the-line-of-duty, resulting in a higher death benefit for
the firefighter’s beneficiaries.
The Department of Financial Services currently employs 104 fire investigators within the
Division of Investigative and Forensic Services, 86 of which are Florida-certified fire
BILL: CS/SB 838 Page 2
investigators or are in the process of becoming certified. These fire investigators respond to fire
scenes throughout the State of Florida, supporting local law enforcement, and spend an average
of three hours per investigation on-site. These on-site audits and investigations typically occur
the same day of the fire or within three days of the fire. As a result, fire investigators sustain
significant exposure to hazardous vapors, gases, and particles known to contribute to chronic
health conditions, including cancer, as these dangerous chemicals and carcinogens remain after
the fire.
The bill has a minimal impact to the State Risk Management Trust Fund. (See section V. Fiscal
Impact Statement.)
The bill takes effect July 1, 2022.
II. Present Situation:
Cancer Studies Regarding Firefighters
The incidence of cancer among firefighters appears to be higher on average than other
occupations. Firefighters work in inherently dangerous situations on a daily basis. They are
exposed to many different carcinogens, either inhaled or absorbed through the skin both on the
scene and in the firehouse. Studies have been conducted at the state, national, and international
level resulting in the identification of cancers found to be common among firefighters.1 This
information has been used to train and educate firefighters to reduce exposure to carcinogens
resulting from firefighting activities.
In 2010, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health initiated a study to evaluate
the cancer risk of firefighters.2 The study served to identify whether firefighters are at a higher
risk of developing cancer related to exposure on the job. Researchers studied death related to
cancer as well as specific types of cancers involved. Researchers took into consideration the
types and number of fire runs, use of protective equipment, and diesel exhaust controls. The
study spanned four years and the sample size included over 30,000 career firefighters serving in
Chicago, Philadelphia, and San Francisco between 1950 and 2010.
According to the 2010 study, firefighters have a nine percent higher risk of being diagnosed with
cancer and a 14 percent higher risk of dying from cancer than the general population in the
United States. The cancers mostly responsible for this higher risk were respiratory (lung,
mesothelioma), gastrointestinal (oral cavity, esophageal, large intestine), and kidney.3
1
Occupation and Cancer, American Cancer Society, available at https://www.cancer.org/content/dam/cancer-org/cancer-
control/en/booklets-flyers/occupation-and-cancer-fact-sheet.pdf; 15 Jobs That Put You at a Higher Risk of Cancer, available
at https://www.cheatsheet.com/money-career/jobs-put-higher-cancer-risk.html/?a=viewall; Cancer Facts and Figures,
American Cancer Society, available at https://www.cancer.org/research/cancer-facts-statistics/all-cancer-facts-figures.html.
2
See Exposure–response relationships for select cancer and non-cancer health outcomes in a cohort of US firefighters from
San Francisco, Chicago and Philadelphia (1950–2009), available at https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/firefighters/pdfs/Daniels-et-
al-(2015)-508.pdf.
3
Id.
BILL: CS/SB 838 Page 3
Recent Florida Legislation
In 2019, the Legislature created s. 112.1816, F.S.,4 to make firefighters who are diagnosed with
certain cancers eligible to receive certain disability or death benefits. Specifically, in lieu of
pursuing workers’ compensation coverage, a firefighter is entitled to cancer treatment and a
one-time cash payout of $25,000, upon the firefighter’s initial diagnosis of cancer. In order to be
entitled to such benefits, the firefighter must:
 Be employed full-time as a firefighter;
 Be employed by the state, university, city, county, port authority, special district, or fire
control district;
 Have been employed by his or her employer for at least five continuous years;
 Not have used tobacco products for at least the preceding five years; and
 Have not been employed in any other position in the preceding five years which is proven to
create a higher risk for cancer.
Under the statute, the term “cancer” includes bladder cancer, brain cancer, breast cancer, cervical
cancer, colon cancer, esophageal cancer, invasive skin cancer, kidney cancer, large intestinal
cancer, lung cancer, malignant melanoma, mesothelioma, multiple myeloma, non-Hodgkin’s
lymphoma, oral cavity and pharynx cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, rectal cancer,
stomach cancer, testicular cancer, and thyroid cancer.
The employer must provide coverage within an employer-sponsored health plan or through a
group health insurance trust fund. The employer must timely reimburse the firefighter for any
out-of-pocket deductible, copayment, or coinsurance costs incurred due to the treatment of
cancer.
For disability and death benefits, the employer must consider a firefighter permanently and
totally disabled if the firefighter is diagnosed with one of the 21 enumerated cancers and meets
the retirement plan’s definition of totally and permanently disabled due to the diagnosis of cancer
or circumstances that arise out of the treatment of cancer. Moreover, the cancer or the treatment
of cancer is deemed to have occurred in-the-line-of-duty, resulting in higher disability and death
benefits.
To cover the costs associated with changes to Florida Retirement System (FRS) benefits
(disability retirement benefits and in-line-of-duty benefits), the statute provides adjustments to
the employer-paid contribution rates for the Special Risk class and the Deferred Retirement
Option Program that fund the FRS’s normal costs and unfunded actuarial liability, and adjusts
the percentage of funds allocated to provide in-the-line-of-duty death benefits for investment
plan members.
To date, three cancer claims have been submitted under the statute, totaling $66,308 in
payments.5
4
Ch. 2019-21, Laws of Fla.
5
Department of Financial Services, Senate Bill 838 Agency Analysis (November 19, 2021) (on file with the Senate
Committee on Banking and Insurance).
BILL: CS/SB 838 Page 4
Section 112.1816, F.S., does not currently apply to full-time fire investigators.
Division of the State Fire Marshal (Division)
State law on fire prevention and control designates the Chief Financial Officer as the State Fire
Marshal, operating through the division.6 Pursuant to this authority, the State Fire Marshal:
 Regulates, trains, and certifies fire service personnel;
 Investigates the causes of fires;
 Enforces arson laws;
 Regulates the installation of fire equipment;
 Conducts firesafety inspections of state property;
 Develops firesafety standards;
 Provides facilities for the analysis of fire debris; and
 Operates the Florida State Fire College.
The division is comprised of two bureaus: the Bureau of Fire Prevention (BFP) and the Bureau
of Fire Standards and Training (BFST).7 The BFP conducts fire/life safety inspections and
construction plans review on all state-owned buildings; regulates the fireworks and the fire
sprinkler industries; inspects and licenses boilers; and certifies suppression industry workers.8
The BFST approves firefighter training curricula; offers fire service training at the Florida State
Fire College; and certifies that fire service members meet industry-based standards.9
Florida State Fire College
The Florida State Fire College, offers basic, intermediate, and advanced training and education
courses, develops educational curricula to be used by other fire-rescue training agencies, and
conducts research into new methods and technologies related to fire-rescue activities.10 Course
offerings fall into five general categories: academic, certification, certificate of competency,
vocational, and non-credit.11 The Fire Investigation is one such advanced training program.
Fire Investigator Program
The Fire Investigator Program is a voluntary, advanced training program administered by the
Florida State Fire College and designed for certified firefighters, certified law enforcement
officers, law enforcement crime scene technicians, and certified firesafety inspectors who have
fire investigation responsibilities.12
The program offers Fire Investigator I and II Certifications of Competency. In the first, the
individual must complete at least 360 hours of training, including courses in Fire Chemistry, Fire
6
Section 633.104, F.S.
7
Department of Financial Services, Division of the State Fire Marshal, What We Do,
https://www.myfloridacfo.com/division/sfm/ (last visited Dec. 19, 2019).
8
Id.
9
Id.
10
See Rule 69A-37.064, F.A.C.
11
Id.
12
See Rule 69A-37.065(3), F.A.C.
BILL: CS/SB 838 Page 5
Origin and Cause, Fire Protection Systems, Building Construction, Latent Investigation, Arson
Investigation, Post Blast Investigation, and Legal Issues for Fire Investigators.13
The Level II Certification of Competency is available to an individual holding a Fire
Investigator II Certificate of Competency if the individual is also a certified firefighter, certified
law enforcement officer, law enforcement crime scene technician, or certified sworn or non-
sworn firesafety inspector, and has completed a Fire Investigator Portfolio and Fire Investigator
Task Book.14
Since 2005, 1,740 individuals have been certified as Fire Investigators through the State Fire
College.15 Of these, 947 individuals hold both a Firefighter II and Fire Investigator certification,
and meet the criteria to be covered by the current definition of firefighter under
s. 112.1816, F.S.16
The Department of Financial Services currently employs 104 fire investigators with the Division
of Investigative and Forensic Services. Of these, 86 are Florida-certified or are in the process of
earning certification.17 These fire investigators respond to fire scenes throughout the State of
Florida, supporting local law enforcement, and spend an average of three hours per investigation
on-site. These on-site audits and investigations typically occur the same day of the fire or within
three days of the fire. As a result, fire investigators sustain significant exposure to hazardous
vapors, gases, and particles that are known to contribute to chronic health conditions, including
cancer, as these dangerous chemicals and carcinogens remain after the fire.
III. Effect of Proposed Changes:
Section 1 amends s. 112.1816, F.S., related to cancer diagnoses for firefighters, to include a
“full-time, Florida-certified fire investigator” in the current definition of “firefighter.” The bill
further adds “or the investigation of fires and explosives” to the list of primary responsibilities of
an “employer” within the current definition of “firefighter.”
Upon diagnosis of one of the 21 specific cancers enumerated within s. 112.1816, F.S., the bill
has the effect of making a fire investigator eligible for the following benefits under the statute:
(1) cancer treatment, at the employer’s expense, and (2) a $25,000 cash payment. Under the bill,
the fire investigator also becomes eligible for disability and death benefits.
Based on the conclusive presumption contained in the statute that the cancer or the resulting
treatment of cancer occurred in-the-line-of duty, and if the fire investigator meets the retirement
plan’s definition of totally and permanently disabled due to the diagnosis of cancer or
circumstances that arise out of the treatment of cancer, the fire investigator becomes eligible for
enhanced disability benefits either under an employer-sponsored retirement plan or employer-
sponsored disability retirement plan.
13
Id.
14
Id.
15
Department of Financial Services, Senate Bill 838 Agency Analysis (Nov. 19, 2021) (on file with the Senate Committee on
Banking and Insurance).
16
Id.
17
Id.
BILL: CS/SB 838 Page 6
Likewise, if the fire investigator dies from the cancer or circumstances that arise from the cancer
treatment, the fire investigator’s death is conclusively presumed to be in-the-line-of-duty,
resulting in a higher death benefit for the firefighter’s beneficiaries.
Section 2 provides a legislative finding that determines that this act fulfills an important state
interest.
Section 3 provides an effective date of July 1, 2022.
IV. Constitutional Issues:
A. Municipality/County Mandates Restrictions:
None.
B. Public Records/Open Meetings Issues:
None.
C. Trust Funds Restrictions:
None.
D. State Tax or Fee Increases:
None.
E. Other Constitutional Issues:
None.
V. Fiscal Impact Statement:
A. Tax/Fee Issues:
None.
B. Private Sector Impact:
None.
C. Government Sector Impact:
The bill has a minimal impact to the State Risk Management Trust Fund.
Since 2005, 1,740 individuals have been certified as a Fire Investigator through the
Florida State Fire College. Nine hundred and forty-seven of the 1,740 hold both a
 BILL: CS/SB 838 Page 7
Firefighter II and Fire Investigator certification, and meet the criteria to be covered by the
current definition of firefighter in s. 112.1816, F.S.18
The precise number of individuals currently working as full-time fire investigators is
unknown, as this is a one-time certification.19
Since the creation of s. 112.1816, F.S., in 2019, there have been three cancer claims
reported totaling $66,308 i