Substitute House Bill No. 5474 aims to improve healthcare oversight for individuals incarcerated in the Department of Correction by establishing new definitions for medical and mental health professionals, including the term "correctional institution" to refer specifically to prisons and jails. The bill requires the Commissioner of Correction to develop a comprehensive healthcare plan by October 1, 2025, which includes provisions for mental health services, annual physical examinations, and initial health assessments within fourteen days of intake. It also mandates that mental health therapists follow strict guidelines for prescribing psychotropic medications and ensures the availability of medical care during weekends and holidays. Additionally, the bill introduces requirements for dental care plans, HIV testing upon request, and timely treatment for individuals exhibiting withdrawal symptoms.

The legislation further mandates the establishment of an electronic tracking system for medication administration and allows incarcerated individuals to request medical care electronically. It expands the definition of mental health care providers to include physician assistants specializing in mental health and requires discharge planners to assist eligible individuals in applying for Medicaid before release. The bill also imposes new reporting requirements, which are expected to incur costs of up to $563,777 for the Department of Correction and $26,672 for the State Comptroller in FY 28. The effective date for these changes is set for October 1, 2026, with ongoing reporting to ensure accountability in healthcare services for incarcerated individuals.