The proposed bill, General Assembly Committee Bill No. 5749, aims to enhance environmental protection by mandating the installation of nitrogen-reducing septic systems in environmentally sensitive areas. Effective October 1, 2025, the bill defines key terms such as "nitrogen-reducing septic system" and "environmentally sensitive areas," and stipulates that any new residential or commercial development in these areas must utilize such systems starting October 1, 2026. Additionally, renovations or expansions that increase wastewater discharge by 25% or more will also require an upgrade to a nitrogen-reducing system. If a conventional septic system fails or needs replacement in these sensitive areas, property owners must install a nitrogen-reducing system that meets performance standards set by the Department of Public Health.

The bill further empowers municipalities to enact local ordinances requiring nitrogen-reducing systems in other areas at risk of nitrogen pollution. By March 1, 2026, the Department of Public Health, in collaboration with the Department of Energy and Environmental Protection, will establish nitrogen-discharge limits and designate environmentally sensitive areas. Licensed professionals must install these systems, and property owners are required to conduct annual inspections and maintenance. Local health departments will maintain a database of installed systems and perform compliance checks, ensuring adherence to the new regulations.